The paper concerns the employment of a vehicular communication concept for traffic management and safety purposes in a developing seaport environment. A general scenario considering centralized and ad-hoc networks has been analysed, since the requirements for the safety of seaports are similar in terms of reliability and latency. The main enhancement of the proposed model is a communication-based cooperative scheme for improving the safety of workers and optimizing the management of on-port vehicles. The simulation analyses have been realized over the container terminal of the developing Port of Bar (South-East Adriatic Sea, Montenegro). Considering the fact that it operates in transitional conditions, related innovation success impediments have been taken into consideration, as well.
Precise evaluation of gestational age is essential for quality maternity care. Ultrasonography is the most readily available and reliable method to establish gestational age. This study aims to use the length of the fetal kidney as a reliable parameter to measure gestational age in late second and third trimesters. Objective: To determine the relationship between fetal kidney length and gestational age in weeks during the late 2nd and 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy. Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 105 singleton normal pregnant females between 24th and 40th weeks of gestation who came to the obstetrics and gynecology department at a private sector hospital in Kharian, Pakistan. The duration of the study was four months. Bi-parietal diameter, femur length, and fetal kidney lengths were measured. Statistical analyses were applied using SPSS version 22.0. Results: A moderately significant positive correlation was identified between different gestational age measuring parameters and fetal kidney length. The correlation was significant at the level of 0.01. The correlational values of GA according to LMP with FKLL and FKLR were (r= .85**) and (r= .87**) respectively. GA with BPD indicates a moderately significant positive correlation with FKLL and FKLR (r= .94**) and (r=.94**). GA with FL also shows a moderately significant positive correlation with FKLL and FKLR (r= .83**) and (r= .83**), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, fetal kidney length in millimeters correlates well with gestational age in weeks and shows linear growth with gestational age throughout pregnancy. Gestational age estimated from fetal kidney length gives improved dating of fetal age
Since the last century, the exponential growth of the semiconductor industry has led to the creation of tiny and complex integrated circuits, e.g., sensors, actuators, and smart power. Innovative techniques are needed to ensure the correct functionality of analog devices that are ubiquitous in every smart system. The ISO 26262 standard for functional safety in the automotive context specifies that fault injection is necessary to validate all electronic devices. For decades, standardization of defect modeling and injection mainly focused on digital circuits and, in a minor part, on analog ones. An initial attempt is being made with the IEEE P2427 draft standard that started to give a structured and formal organization to the analog testing field.Various methods have been proposed in the literature to speed up the fault simulation of the defect universe for an analog circuit. A more limited number of papers seek to reduce the overall simulation time by reducing the number of defects to be simulated. This literature survey describes the state-of-the-art of analog defect injection and fault simulation methods. The survey is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodological flow, allowing for a systematic and complete literature survey. Each selected paper has been categorized and presented to provide an overview of all the available approaches. In addition, the limitations of the various approaches are discussed by showing possible future directions.
On chip interconnection networks simplify the challenges of integrating large number of processing elements. Routers are backbone of networks. Buffers and crossbar in router consumes significant area and power of network. Reducing buffers could lead to degradation of network performance. Dual Xbar router architecture combines buffered and bufferless feature to reduce buffer read/write energy with dual crossbars. While Switch folding technique introduced to reduce wire density and decrease muxes in crossbar by increasing resource utilization. In this paper, we propose Folded Dual Xbar architecture by combining the Dual Xbar and Folding technique in order to get advantages of both architectures. Performance of architectures is evaluated using OMNET++ platform under different load conditions. Simulation results shows that there is slight increase in throughput and reduction in buffer read/write energy by average 46% at high loads in proposed 2-Folded Dual Xbar as compared to conventional architecture. Proposed 3-Folded Dual Xbar results at least 16.6 % increase in throughput as compared to conventional architecture with 43-45% reduced buffer read/write energy but slight increase in crossbar. Throughput of 3-Folded Dual Xbar decreased only by 5-7% as compared to Dual Xbar with distributed wire density advantage.
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