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Evaluation of the ganglion cell layer thickness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder Gangliyon hücre tabakasý kalýnlýðýnýn dikkat eksikliði hiperaktivite bozukluðu ve komorbid karþýt olma karþý gelme bozukluðu olan çocuklarda deðerlendirilmesi

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and pediatricians play a critical role in early diagnosis. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of pediatric residents and pediatricians about ASD. A 35‐item questionnaire consisting of two sections was administered. The diagnostic features section consisted of questions measuring the level of knowledge about diagnostic criteria of ASD. The general knowledge and beliefs section consisted of questions about beliefs and experiences regarding ASD. The study consisted of 101 participants. Mean score obtained by all participants from the diagnostic features section was 5.78 ± 1.65. The mean scores obtained by residents and pediatricians from the diagnostic features section were 5.35 ± 1.5 and 6.31 ± 1.68. Pediatricians obtained higher scores significantly than residents from diagnostic features section (t = −2.99, p = 0.004). The mean scores obtained by residents and pediatricians from section of general knowledge and beliefs were 13.69 ± 3 and 14.48 ± 3.15. This difference was not significant (t = −1.27, p = 0.225). This study suggests that participants' knowledge and awareness about ASD was insufficient and while pediatricians knew more about the diagnostic criteria, their awareness and approach regarding ASD were no different from pediatric residents in general practice.

This study compared the severity of depression, anxiety, somatization, anxiety sensitivity, sleep disturbances, and quality of life (QoL) among children with migraine, children with tension-type headache (TTH), and healthy children. A total of 37 children with migraine, 22 with TTH, and a healthy control group (n = 35) participated in this study. Children with migraine exhibited higher depression and somatization and lower QoL scores than those in the control group. General sleep disturbances, bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakings, sleep-disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness scores were also higher in those in the migraine group than in the control group. Regression models indicated that the severity of headache and depression scores significantly affected the QoLs of children with headache disorder as a whole. Migraine is associated with depression, somatization, sleep disturbances, and poor QoL, whereas TTH is associated with only sleep disturbances in childhood. The impact of headache on the QoL occurs mainly through the headache-specific and psychiatric factors.

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