Automotive coatings and the processes used to coat automobile surfaces exemplify the avant-garde of technologies that are capable of producing durable surfaces, exceeding customers' expectations of appearance, maximizing efficiency, and meeting environmental regulations. These accomplishments are rooted in 100 years of experience, trial-and-error approaches, technique and technology advancements, and theoretical assessments. Because of advancements directed at understanding the how, why, when, and where of automobile coatings, the progress in controlling droplets and their deposition attributes, and the development of new technologies and paint chemistries, a comprehensive and up-to-date review of automobile coatings and coating technologies was considered to be of value to industrial practitioners and researchers. Overall, the critical performance factors driving the development and use of advanced automotive coatings and coating technologies are (a) aesthetic characteristics; (b) corrosion protection; (c) mass production; (d) cost and environmental requirements; and (e) appearance and durability. Although the relative importance of each of these factors is debatable, the perfection of any one at the expense of another would be unacceptable. Hence, new developments in automotive coatings are described and discussed in the following review, and then related to improvements in production technologies and paints. Modern automotive coating procedures are also discussed in detail. Finally, an extrapolation into the future of automotive coating is offered with a view of the developments and technologies needed for an increasingly efficient and more sustainable coatings industry.
In the actual design circumstances, the radiation effect on the cooling performance of the extended surfaces must be taken into consideration. The central goal of this paper is to design the constructal architecture of a T-Y shaped assembly of fins by incorporating the thermal radiation with convection heat transfer. Our motivation in selecting a T-Y shaped assembly of fins is that the so-called assembly is of more cooling performance among the other shapes according to the literature. The temperature field and the peak temperature (hot spot) are calculated from a numerical approach based on finite element method. The peak temperature is minimized by manipulating the geometry of the assembly regarding the constraints of space and materials. A comparative study is executed among the present work and the published work. The comparison revealed that although the optimized geometry is approximately independent of the heat transfer mechanism, the hot spot temperature can be affected when the finned surfaces are exposed to thermal radiation in addition to convection. This issue is more pronounced when the emissivity of the finned surfaces is higher in comparison with the convection heat transfer coefficient.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.