BackgroundSpirituality is a subjective and multi-dimensional concept. The ambiguity in its meaning can create barriers in its application in both education and medicine. The present study aimed to explore the Iranian cancer patients’ perception of spirituality.MethodsA qualitative study, using the content analysis approach, was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were held with 11 cancer patients and six members of their families in one of Tehran’s hospitals and a charity institute. The data generated were transcribed verbatim and content analysis approach was used for data reduction, naming data, obtaining analytical code and determining categories and themes.ResultsThree themes (and seven sub-themes) emerged from the data analysis: 1) God as the spiritual truth (relationship with God and trust in God), 2) Moralities as a spiritual sign (considering personal and social moral codes) and 3) Spiritual resources as the source of hope (religious, personal and social resources).ConclusionsOverall, in the view of cancer patients, spirituality can be defined in a religious context. However, some of them believe in morality beside religiosity, so health care staff must pay due attention to these aspects, to provide them with the opportunity to use spiritual resources.
Context: Considering the stressful conditions of life and social difficulties, an important question is why are some people can show positive adaptation and avoid mental health disorders, while others cannot? The present study aimed at reviewing the national studies on the correlation between resilience and mental health.Evidence Acquisition: In this systematic review, all national articles published in international and national databases were searched without restrictions, using the following keywords: "Resilience OR Resiliency" AND "Mental health" OR "General Health" and their combinations. The Persian equivalents of these words were also used in Persian language sites. Finally, based on PRISMA guidelines, 15 studies were selected. The results of these studies were combined using the random effects model of meta-analysis.
Results:In the present research, 16 correlation studies were examined without time limits, and with a sample size of 3157. Overall, a positive correlation was found between resilience and mental health in the national studies (r = 0.48). The results showed that the correlation between resilience and mental health was lower in the population of school and university students than among other populations (r = 0.39, compared to r = 0.54). The analysis based on geographical division indicated that the highest correlation between resilience and mental health existed in the fifth area (r = 0.83), and the lowest correlation was found in the fourth area (r = 0.35).Conclusions: By providing cognitive, behavioral and emotional responses in stressful situations, resilience can maintain and improve mental health.
After diagnosis of cancer, many patients show more inclination towards religion and religious activities. This qualitative study using semi-structured interviews explored the perspectives and experiences of 17 Iranian cancer patients and their families regarding the role of religion in their adaptation to cancer in one of the hospitals in Tehran and a charity institute. The content analysis identified two themes: "religious beliefs "(illness as God's will, being cured by God's will, belief in God's supportiveness, having faith in God as a relieving factor, and hope in divine healing) and "relationship with God during the illness." In general, relationship with God and religious beliefs had a positive effect on the patients adapting to their condition, without negative consequences such as stopping their treatment process and just waiting to be cured by God. Thus a strengthening of such beliefs, as a coping factor, could be recommended through religious counseling.
Respect for hospitalized patient privacy contains multiple dimensions. Factors affecting the achievement of this concept include individual backgrounds, nature of the disease, and rule of paternalism. The fulfillment of patient privacy leads to such consequences as protection and improvement of human dignity as well as improved communication between the patient and the health team.
The questionnaire was thereby developed and titled, 'Self-reported health and health-care needs'. The results confirm validity and reliability of the final version of the questionnaire.
1088 participants were approached (668 Iranians in Iran; 105 immigrated Iranians in Sweden; and 305 Swedes in Sweden). Factors effecting self-reported mental health was self-reported health, smoking, satisfaction with social life and also a sense of connection to ones cultural roots and traditions. Also demographic variables such as group belonging (Swedes vs. Iranians), sex and satisfaction with Income were shown to be important when performing the regression analysis. In the chi-square analysis the Iranian samples reported depressive symptoms to a larger extent than the Swedish group in all aspects of self-reported depressive symptoms. Self-reported depressive symptoms were reported to a greater extend in women compared to men. Our findings indicate that the Iranian populations living in both Tehran and Stockholm report depressive symptoms to an extent that merits concern. The findings indicate that Iranians living in Tehran and Iranians who have immigrated to Sweden require more attention regarding mental health care. Health care providers in both countries should be aware of the current state of mental health among Iranians in both Sweden and Iran.
Nurses play a key role in providing rehabilitation care. In this regard, identifying the factors that affect their practice can be useful in planning to improve the quality of rehabilitation nursing care. This study aims to explore the experience of nurses and members of the rehabilitation team about barriers and facilitators of rehabilitation nursing care of patients with disability in the rehabilitation hospital. This qualitative study was conducted in the main public rehabilitation hospital in Tehran, Iran. Eighteen persons including 12 nurses in clinical and managerial positions, an occupational therapist, a physical medicine specialist, a patient, and an informal caregiver participated in this study. Participants were selected based on purposeful sampling. Data were collected through 18 in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed based on qualitative content analysis principles. Three themes were derived from the data analysis, which represented Barriers and facilitators related to nurses (specialized knowledge and skills, psychological status, mentoring, professional communication), barriers and facilitators related to the work environment (nurses' performance evaluation, nursing workforce, comprehensive care facilities, workplace design, specialized unit), barriers and facilitators related to patients and caregivers (patient's participation in nursing care, patient adaptation, efficiency of formal caregivers). The experiences of the rehabilitation team shows that not only nurses, but also the environment, patients, and caregivers can affect the provision of care and change the quality of care. Identifying these factors can help managers, researchers, and clinical nurses to facilitate and improve rehabilitation nursing care by modifying the influencing factors.
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