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Belt and Road Initiative appears as a worldwide investment of China. CPEC is fundamental part of BRI worldwide project. Labor market is demand for specialized human skill of expanding the investment activity for Pakistan under CPEC project little part of BRI project. This paper explores the relation between foreign direct investment, labor force, interest rate, terrorism, export and economic growth over using time series data from 1985 to 2016. Economic growth used as dependent variable and FDI, Labor and interest rate terrorism and trade used as an explanatory variable. Here utilized ADF test, unit root test, Johansen co-integration and Granger causality methods were utilized shows that the relationships between the variables in long run time period. The Error Correction Model has been utilized to explore the relationship between the labor market independent variable and economic growth dependent variable. The consequence of different procedures demonstrates that labor market has measurably critical effect on gross economic growth. The interest in China Pakistan Economic Corridor will required more dexterous, specialized and non-specialized work drive in this manner to include that labor wages as of late are more imperative for growth of Pakistan economy. On the other hand, the analytical result documented to all the characterize variables in our model boots economic growth so work constrain for growth of Pakistan economy in short run is more essential contributing growth. Contribution/ Originality: The paper's primary contribution is to find the impact of foreign investment, labor force and interest rate on economic growth in Pakistan.

Travel and tourism support a country’s economy and improve its social outlook. The religious inclination is an important factor influencing tourism and constitutes a significant part of general tourism. Thus, assessing and evaluating its real impacts on a country is crucial. As the world continues to grapple with the effects of environmental degradation, numerous studies have delved into the research between tourism, energy consumption, and pollution emissions. However, the impact of religious tourism on the environment is often overlooked. To bridge this gap, this study explores the relationship between religious tourist arrivals, geopolitical risk, and environmental quality in Italy. By employing ARDL and wavelets coherence analysis on the Italian data from 1997 to 2019, the findings of this study reveal a mitigation effect of religious tourist arrivals and geopolitical risk on CO 2 pollution levels. In contrast, it highlights the significance of foreign direct investment and transportation as significant contributors to CO 2 pollution. In conclusion, the study highlights the crucial role that religious tourism and religious leaders can play in mitigating environmental pollution and the importance of considering this aspect in future environmental studies as well as emphasize the need for Italian authorities to pay close attention to the impact of foreign direct investment and transportation energy consumption on the environment to achieve sustainable development goals.

The main purpose of the study is to check whether natural resource rent affects the financial development or supporting resource curse hypothesis by employing a recently developed estimation technique by Chudik and Pesaran (2015) over 1985 to 2017 in GCC member countries. The novelty of this methodology is to consider structural breaks and the heterogeneity issues that are common in panel data. The results of DCCE estimates are in support of resource hypothesis that natural resource rent hurt financial development. Additionally, this study takes moderation of institutional quality to check the threshold point or turning point where natural resource rent effect becomes positive. Our results of interaction term postulate that a higher level of institutional quality mitigates the adverse effect of natural resource rent on financial development. The study results recommend the policy of natural resource rent in the presence of high institutional quality should continue because it improves the financial development in GCC member countries.