This article describes how mobile health (mHealth) has grown from infancy stage to toddler stage due to advances in the technology. It has the potential for further growth as it is low-cost health care. For its further growth, it is necessary to widen its scope. In this article, a proposal is presented to develop a new and advanced mHealth care system, and its first step that is modelling is reported. In modelling, historically, a model of a temporal object system (TOS) is used. The model empowers users of the proposed mHealth care system to define, retrieve and manipulate all objects historically, in a uniform fashion, and also to keep historically the changes that occur to the objects. Later, these historically stored objects can be consulted during making essential and crucial decisions about the patients (objects) and other objects of the system, and it can save both lives and money. Also, the stored objects can be used in the future planning and research.
Background: The coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic has been substantially affecting the life of people worldwide, especially when World Health Organization declared it as a global pandemic in the second week of March 2020. It produced momentous anguish throughout the biosphere. Apart from the increased in COVID infested reports, it instigated a considerable disturbance to psychological healthiness in the affected nations. Many nation states across the world, had executed a countrywide constrainment on all human activities and jobs to control the spread of the virus. The present study is an attempt to find out psychological distress among people residing in Pakistan during the lockdown.Methods: Four hundred and forty three participants that were inhabitants of Karachi, Pakistan were asked to complete questionnaire. It was conducted online to maintain quarantine effect including questions about symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and family affluence according to Depression anxiety and stress scale 21 (DAAS-21 scale). Selection of participants was done by consecutive sampling method.Results: The results indicated that people who were economically weak and unstable to endure the lockdown were generally affected. While awareness and fear of getting COVID-19 affluence was found to be negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, and depression. Among gender females were experiencing stress, anxiety, and depression more than males and the most affected age group were adults. Conclusion: Moderate depression, severe anxiety and lower level of stress was seen in the population of Karachi during sudden first lockdown due to spread of COVID-19. Government officials and other establishments may take the support and corporation of professionals related to psychiatry and psychotherapy to assist in overwhelming the psychosocial problems among the homeland related to COVID-19 lockdown.
Intensive research work has been done related to lung cancer prognosis. However, the current research mainly emphasises on decreasing the mortality rate, and increasing the survival rate of lung cancer patients. In this paper, the authors argue that an early identification and candidate identification (CI) of this disease can change the early detection treatment of lung cancer and hence can markedly reduce the mortality rate. The proposed technique CI will recognize the disease well in advance and can potentially save the candidate's life. In other words, a candidate of lung cancer is identified and treated in Stage 0 (explained later) instead of in Stage 1 or in the later stages of the lung cancer. In this paper, the authors have introduced a technique, called candidate identification, to identify candidates of the lung cancer. In the proposed technique, a backward forecasting function (BFF) is also proposed to generate Stage 0 data of the patients who have already lung cancer.
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