BALB/cA mice homozygous for both nu and scid mutations (BALB/cA-nu/nu, scid/scid) were developed by mating between BALB/cA-scid and BALB/cA-nu. These mice have greater longevity than C.B-17-scid because no thymic lymphoma occurs in them unlike in the latter. C.B-17-scid is known to show the leaky phenomenon in which a few clones of functional T and B cells develop in aged C.B-17-scid. Unexpectedly, the leaky B cells and T cells were absent or suppressed in BALB/cA-nu, scid mice when cytokine expressions were determined by RT-PCR, lymphocyte phenotypes by flow cytometry and serum immunoglobulin levels by ELISA. These results indicate that B cell leakiness may be induced by leaked T cells. BALB/cA-nu, scid mice may be useful as a recipient in allo-and xeno-transplantation experiments because of the absence of both thymic lymphomas and leakiness, in addition to lack of hair. Key words: leakiness, nude, scid mice and xenotransplantation because the mice lack functional T cells, but not B cells, resulting from lack of a thymus. Nude mice still have the advantage of hairlessness over SCID mice since observation of xenotransplants on the hairless skin is very easy. Therefore, double mutant mice with both scid and nu genes should be better recipients for xenotransplantation. We attempted to produce BALB/cA-nu/nu, scid/scid (nu, scid) mice which lack hair and both T and B cells. In addition, SCID mice have a high incidence of thymic lymphoma and an unresolved problem termed the leaky phenomenon in which oligoclonal T and B cells spon-
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