A facile, one-pot three-component protocol for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives has been demonstrated using Bael Fruit Extract (BFE) as a natural catalyst in a green reaction medium.

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A mild and efficient method has been reported for the preparation of Schiff base ligands through the condensation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with substituted aromatic amines in the presence of CES (calcined eggshell) as a heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The advantages of this ecofriendly, economic method are simplicity of the reaction procedure, moderate to good product yields, and very short reaction times.

Without using any toxic or hazardous reagent, ligand, acid, transition metal catalyst, additives/promoters and organic solvent, green Knoevenagel condensation and tandem Knoevenagel–Michael reactions have been successfully carried out by using chickpea leaf exudates as a naturally sourced Bronsted acid type bio-catalyst. The reaction proceeds in neat chickpea leaf exudates at room temperature in aqueous conditions in very short reaction times, and therefore, it is an evergreen and environmentally sound alternative to the existing protocols for benzopyran synthesis. In comparison to the conventional methods, this synthetic pathway complies with several key requirements of green chemistry principles such as the utilization of biodegradable catalyst obtained from renewable feedstock, auxiliary aqueous conditions, along with waste prevention. The same protocol was also extended to the synthesis of 2H-xanthene-1,8-diones by condensation of aromatic aldehydes with dimedone achieving excellent yields. Thus, the reported protocol offers an attractive option because of its ecological safety, environmental acceptance, sustainability, low-cost straightforward work-up procedure and with excellent values of green chemistry metrics as compared with other reported methods.

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