Engine oil used in automobiles is a threat to soil and water due to the recalcitrant properties of its hydrocarbons. It pollutes surrounding environment which affects both flora and fauna. Microbes can degrade hydrocarbons containing engine oil and utilize it as a substrate for their growth. Our results demonstrated that cell-free broth of Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 (Gram + ve, endospore forming; Accession number KY214239) recorded an emulsification index (E24%) from 52.3% to 65.7% against different organic solvents, such as benzene, pentane, cyclohexane, xylene, n-hexane, toluene and engine oil. The surface tension of the cell-free broth of B. velezensis grown in Luria–Bertani broth at 35 °C decreased from 55 to 40 mN m−1at critical micelle concentration 17.2 µg/mL. The active biosurfactant molecule of cell-free broth of Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 was purified by Dietheylaminoethyl-cellulose and size exclusion chromatography, followed by HPLC (RT = 1.130), UV–vis spectrophotometry (210 nm) and thin layer chromatography (Rf = 0.90). The molecular weight of purified biosurfactant was found to be ~ 1.0 kDa, based on Electron Spray Ionization-MS. A concentration of 1980 × 10–2 parts per million of CO2 was trapped in a KOH solution after 15 days of incubation in Luria–Bertani broth containing 1% engine oil. Our results suggest that bacterium Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 may promise a new dimension to solving the engine oil pollution problem in near future.
Engine oil used in automobiles is a threat to soil and water due to recalcitrant properties of its hydrocarbons. It pollute surrounding environment which affect both flora and fauna of earth. Microbes are able to degrade hydrocarbons containing engine oil to utilize as a substrate for their growth. Our results demonstrated that Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 (Gram +ve, endospore forming; Accession number KY214239) cell-free broth recorded an emulsification index (E 24 %) from 52.3% to 65.7% against different organic solvents, such as benzene, pentane, cyclohexane, xylene, n -hexane, toluene and engine oil. The surface tension of the cell-free broth of B. velezensis grown in Luria Bertani broth at 35°C decreased from 55 to 40 mN.m -1 at critical micelle concentration 17.2 µg/mL. The active biosurfactant molecule of cell-free broth of Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 was purified by Dietheylaminoethyl-cellulose and size exclusion chromatography, followed by HPLC (RT=1.130), UV-vis spectrophotometry (210 nm) and thin layer chromatography (R f =0.90). Purified biosurfactant molecular weight was found ~1.0 kDa, on the basis of Electron Spray Ionization-MS. A concentration of 1980×10 -2 parts per million of CO 2 was trapped in a KOH solution after 15 days incubating the bacterium in Luria Bertani broth containing engine oil (1%). Results suggests that bacterium Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 may be a promising solution to the engine oil pollution problem with achieving a bioactive biosurfactant molecule for further eco-friendly application(s).
Three different carbon paste (CP), silk-screen (SP) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) modified electrodes were obtained to verify the reliability of AVELOX, the generic name of which is Moxifloxacin HCl (AV-MOXH). The sensing membranes were containing AVELOX ion associated complexes with sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), phosphotungstic acid (PTA), and ammonium reineckate (RN) as electroactive materials. All three electrodes gave fast, viable, and near-Nernstian linear responses over a relative wide concentration range that ranged from 1.010-6 to 1.010-2 mol / L AV-MOXH at 25° C with a monovalent cationic decrease. The sensors demonstrated a good discernment of AV-MOXH from numerous inorganic and organic compounds such as glucose, sucrose, Na+, Ca+, etc. Additionally, the isothermal coefficients along with selectivity coefficients were calculated. The modified Screen Printed Electrode sensor appeared to be highly sensitive for the determination of AV-MOXH. The electrode response was observed in pH range 2--6 for ISPE electrodes and IPVC electrodes and 3--7 for ICPE electrodes under various temperature conditions. The short response time, lifetime validity, recovery, and all the methods of validation such as limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated. The potentiometric method turned out to be suitable for determining AV-MOXH in pharmacological formulations, and the findings obtained are comparable to the “HPLC official method” in terms of the agreement. As a result, the postulated potentiometric approach was verified in accordance with IUPAC guidelines.
N,N’-bis(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)ethylenediamine was synthesized and used as a membrane carrier to create a novel poly(vinyl chloride) membrane potentiometric sensor that is selective especially for Fe3+ ions. The super-Nernstian slope of the projected sensor was 19.5 mV per decade over a concentration range of 7.3·10−8 –1·10−1 M having detection limit at 7.3·10−8 M. The sensor displayed a linear potential response for the detection of Fe3+ ions in about 30 seconds, and it had a lifespan of no less than 9 weeks without lacking any potential divergence. The selected sensor showed high selectivity in water solutions in relation to Fe3 + ions, even in the presence of other metal cations in the pH range of 3.6–10.
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