Several reports emphasize the importance of differentiating between psychosis in schizophrenia and the psychotic form of narcolepsy. The failure to identify narcolepsy leads to the labeling of patients as refractory to standard treatments for schizophrenia and retards consideration of intervention for narcolepsy in which psychosis can improve with psychostimulant treatment. Psychosis in patients with narcolepsy can occur in three ways: (i) as the psychotic form of narcolepsy with hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations; (ii) as a result of psychostimulant use in a patient with narcolepsy; and (iii) as the concurrent psychosis of schizophrenia in a patient with narcolepsy. The present case report describes a difficult-to-treat patient who likely had concurrent schizophrenia and narcolepsy. It then summarizes the literature related to the treatment of the three types of patients with psychosis associated with narcolepsy.
It is well known that the sensation of pain varies according to patients' psychological states. Among patients who have undergone spinal surgery, we have noted no small number of unexpected results due to the patients' psychologically unstable states.The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the consequences of a patient's pre-operative psychological conditions on his post-operative psychological state. There was no positive correlation between the pre-operative JOA score and the psychological evaluation in either in cases of cervical or lumbar disorders.
Post-operative scoreThe recovery rate was calculated by the following equation:
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