Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 has major effects, particularly on hospitals and health workers. At the beginning of March, more than 3,300 health workers have beencontracted with COVID-19 as reported by China's National Health Commission. Twenty percent of healthcare workers in Italy have also also infected and some died. To minimize the risk of transmission to health workers, knowledge of the risk factors that influence the transmission is needed. Thus, this study aims to determine risk factors related to occupational safety and health for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The literature was searched on Pubmed, Google Scholar, WHO, and the Ministry of Health instruments were implemented. 8 relevant studies were reviewed. Results: According to the analysis results of several studies, the use of PPE that is less consistent and not suitable with the risk of exposure will increase the risk of infection. The risk of infection is also increased by poor hand hygiene. According to the Kaplan-Meier curve, the working duration of ≥ 15 hours will increase the risk of infection. The risk of infection also exists for health workers who carry out risky procedures that generate airborne particles such as resuscitation, as well as environmental factors such as negative pressure rooms and traffic control bundling. Conclusion: Risk factors related to occupational health and safety during this COVID-19 pandemic for healthcare staff are: compliance with the use of PPE, hand hygiene, working hours duration, risky procedures, and environmental factors.Keywords: healthcare workers, occupational safety, COVID-19, personal protective equipment
Introduction: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is one of the neglected tropical diseases. These worm infections contributed to global child health. Children suffer from chronic disease and fail to reach their full physical and intellectual capacity. Antihelmintic treatment or deworming is recommended for controlling STH. World Health Organization is focusing predominantly on deworming school-age children. Even antihelmintic treatment has to be repeated regularly, children can reinfect if their environment contaminated. It needs a strategy to control STH and treating adults as well as a child.Methods: We searched the literature for relevant clinical research and articles using Google Scholar and PubMed which were published between 2014 and 2018 with keywords “soil-transmitted helminths”, “soil-transmitted helminthiasis”, combined with “eradication” and “elimination”. We excluded research and article which were not written in English. Our study included a total number of ten publications.Results: The studies mentioned that antihelmintic requires the control of STH transmission and need for the treatment in different age groups.Conclusion: According to our findings, the mass drug administration is recommended as a control strategy in both low and middle-income countries to reduce helminthiasis and schistosomiasis. High STH reinfection rate requires an integrated approach including the use of safe pure water, improvement for personal hygiene and sanitation, proper toilets, and reducing the practice of defecation in nature. The previous studies showed that studies focused on deworming using antihelmintic
The role of the community is an essential part to cut down the COVID-19 chain transmission, a current world pandemic. Knowledge determines a person's healthy behavior that can prevent transmission of COVID-19. This research’s goal is to analyze the effect of health promotion via telemedicine on increasing knowledge about COVID-19 prevention in the productive-age population in Indonesia. This study used one group pretest-posttest design and accidental sampling method involving 146 respondents based on the inclusion criteria. The data collection method was carried out by using a questionnaire containing simple and general questions related to COVID-19 that tested subjects before and after telemedicine health promotion. Based on the assessment of the questionnaire through pretest and posttest, there was an increase in the average knowledge after being given health education with telemedicine with p<0.001 (CI 95%). This study shows that telemedicine could significantly increase average knowledge about COVID-19 prevention in the productive-age population in Indonesia.
Early detection of syphilis, especially during pregnancy, is important to prevent comorbidities for the mother and the baby. This study aims to determine whether VDRL is more sensitive and specific than RPR as a diagnostic screening test for syphilis infection in pregnant women. Literature searches for relevant articles were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Proquest using the keywords "VDRL AND RPR AND pregnancy AND syphilis". From the search results, we found 7 articles in Pubmed, 2.290 articles in Proquest, and no relevant articles were found in Cochrane. Title and abstracts were screened for their conformity with the case and clinical questions that had been made. Selected articles were then critically appraised. The results of the study in selected articles indicated that VDRL and RPR showed a false positives rate of 10.5% and 9.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of VDRL were 71.6% and 89.5%, and those of RPR were 73.5% and 90.5%. VDRL and RPR have a moderate agreement with the TPHA (kappa = 0.6). From these studies it can be concluded that VDRL is not more sensitive and specific than RPR, implying that RPR is a better diagnostic screening test for syphilis infection in pregnant women than VDRL.
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Gram-positive bacteria causing infection in hospital-acquired infection, has increased worldwide, including in Indonesia. Currently, the updated data on MRSA in Indonesia is limited. Purpose: This study aims to explore the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of MRSA in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic study with a retrospective design. All clinical isolates of Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA from January to December 2017 were included. All inpatients included one MSSA or MRSA, and colonized bacteria were excluded. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square or Fisher’s Exact Test. Results: A total of 503 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified, of which 126 (25.05%) were MRSA. The highest prevalence of MRSA was from pus, wound swab, and tissue, 59 (28.37%) from 333, and the highest prevalence of the ward was in the intensive care unit (50%). MRSA were highly sensitive to daptomycin (n=95/95; 100%), linezolid (n=123/125; 98.40%), vancomycin (n=120/125; 96.00%), nitrofurantoin (n=43/45; 95.56%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (n=112/121; 92.56%), fosfomycin (n=87/97; 89.69%), and moxifloxacin (n=104/117; 88.89%). The susceptibility of the other antibiotics such as rifampicin, clindamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, gentamicin, and tetracycline was less than 80%. Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA among hospitalized patients in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, is 25.05% and tends to decrease from January to December 2017. Most MRSA was sensitive/intermediate to daptomycin, linezolid, vancomycin, nitrofurantoin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, fosfomycin, and moxifloxacin.
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