In the last half century, while there have been many positive effects in the field of transportation and tourism with the acceleration of the rapidly developing industry, agriculture, service sectors in the global sense, it has been seen that serious environmental problems have arisen in the countries/regions where tourism has developed rapidly. In Turkey, especially on the seacoasts, the unplanned increase in tourism businesses, and the construction of tourism activities in a way that exceeds the carrying capacity have caused environmental problems. In this study, it has been attempted to determine how the environmental issues seen on the shores of Edremit Gulf are perceived by the members of the environmental organizations living in the region. In this context, the members of environmental organizations were asked what the environmental issues in the gulf area, the environmental policies developed for the environmental issues in the gulf, and the environmental protection measures in the gulf were, and the participants were asked to evaluate these protection measures. The coasts of Edremit Gulf, which show a great touristic density especially in the summer months, is one of the most important sea tourism centers of Turkey, which mostly serves domestic tourism. Tourism businesses and tourism activities may bring environmental issues or affect some regional environmental issues negatively. Therefore, in this study, how the representatives of environmental organizations, who are thought to be more sensitive to environmental issues, perceive these issues, and in line with the results obtained, various suggestions for the solutions of these issues are put forward.
Purpose-An important factor restricting the development of developing countries is foreign exchange deficit. Investments require foreign exchange but sufficient foreign exchange can not be obtained through exports and it is difficult to obtain foreign exchange by means foreign capital, foreign aids and loans, and this makes the metioned countries find adequate and reliable sources. However, countries with rich natural and cultural heritage provide a significant portion of the the required foreign exchange for development with foreign tourism revenues. Methodology-In the study, in order to measure the effect of foreign tourism revenues on commodity trade balance in Turkey, using the monthly data in the period 1992: 1-2007: 1, long term relationship between variables was investigated with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models. Findings-It has been determined that financial account and tourism account have a statistically significant effect in the resolved of the goods trade deficit. Conclusion-According to the obtained findings, policies and strategies for the development and strengthening of the tourism sector were presented. Keywords:Balance of payments, foreign exchange, tourism, Turkey, ARDL. JEL Codes: C01, F31, L83 GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERİN DÖVİZ GEREKSİNMESİNİN KARŞILANMASINDA TURİZMİN ROLÜ VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ ÖZETAmaç-Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kalkınmasını kısıtlayan önemli bir faktör döviz açığıdır. Yatırımların döviz gerektirmesi buna karşın, ihracat yoluyla yeterli dövizin elde edilememesi ve yabancı sermaye, dış yardım, dış borçlanma gibi yollarla döviz teminin güçlüğü, bu ülkeleri yeterli ve güvenilir döviz kaynakları bulmaya zorlamaktadır. Ancak zengin doğal ve kültürel mirasa sahip ülkeler, kalkınma için gerekli dövizin önemli bir kısmını dış turizmden elde edilen gelirlerle sağlamaktadır. Yöntem-Çalışmada, Türkiye'de dış turizm gelirlerinin mal ticareti dengesi üzerindeki etkisini ölçmek amacıyla, 1992:1-2007:1 dönemini kapsayan aylık veri seti kullanılarak değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönem ilişki Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış Otoregresif Model (ARDL) yardımı ile araştırılmıştır. Bulgular-Mal ticareti hesabındaki açığın kapatılmasında finans hesabı ve turizm hesabının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç-Elde edilen bulgulardan yola çıkarak, turizm sektörünün geliştirilmesi ve güçlendirmesine yönelik politika ve stratejiler sunulmuştur.
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