Rubella infections in pregnant women, especially during the fi rst trimester, often lead to manifest as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). This syndrome consists of several inherited disorders such as deafness, cataracts, and cardiac abnormalities. Deafness is the most common manifestation of CRS, 70-90% of all cases with deafness type are sensory neural deafness. The mechanism of hearing loss due to rubella virus is caused by hypoxia resulting from endothelial vascular damage in cochlea, followed by cell death in the organ of Corti and stria vascularis. Cochlea's stria damage makes alterations in the composition of endolymph. This study aimed to confi rm rubella infection using PCR and serological tests in patients with CRS who were clinically deaf. A suspected CRS reported was a 2-month-old patient with an unclear response to surround sound. The patient had been already diagnosed with congenital cataracts before. Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal history was evaluated. Hearing screening was done by OAE (Biological), and AABR (Beraphone). Antirubella IgM and IgG was obtained from blood serum. PCR was carried out from a throat swab and the eye-lens specimen. OAE and AABR results 'refer' to both sides of the ear indicated a sensorineural hearing loss. The serological examination of IgM was positive with an index of 15.00 and IgG rubella positive with a titer> 500 IU / ml. Positive results from the rubella virus were identifi ed from the throat swab and lens specimens using the PCR method. Detection of rubella virus in CRS suff erers with clinical deafness of both ears gives positive results using PCR and serology methods. In the future PCR can be potential for prenatal diagnosis of rubella virus aimed at the provision of early prevention.IgG rubella positif dengan titer >500 IU/ml. Hasil positif dari virus rubela yang diidentifi kasi dari throat swab dan spesimen lensa menggunakan metode PCR. Deteksi virus rubela pada penderita CRS dengan klinis ketulian kedua telinga memberikan hasil positif dengan menggunakan metode PCR dan serologi. Di masa depan PCR dapat berpotensi untuk diagnosis prenatal dari virus rubela yang bertujuan sebagai pencegahan dini.Kata kunci: Sindrom rubela kongenital, gangguan pendengaran, OAE, AABR, tes serologi.
Background: Sensorineural-type hearing loss can occur in people who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) and with hemodialysis treatment. Sensorineural-type hearing loss is a hearing loss that occurs due to damage to the cochlear and the 8th cranial nerve. Hearing loss in CKD undergoing HD can occur at both high and low frequencies. Purposed: The aimed of this study was find out incidence of hearing loss and correlation of Hearing Impairment between Risk Factors Hypertention and Diabetes Melitus Type 2 in CKD patients with hemodialysis treatment. Methods: This study was observational analytics. The sample examined in this study were all CKD patient with hemodialysis treatment based criteria study. The hearing impairment were examined using audiometry. For statistic test using Spearman correlation test with significance level p = 0.05. Results: Fifteen patients (28.8%) with normal hearing. Patients who experience hearing loss as many as 37 patients (71.1%). Most of them were mild degree hearing loss, 29 patients (55.8%). Six patients (11.5%) were moderate hearing loss, and two patients (3.8%) were moderate hearing loss. Based on the results of the Spearman rho test showed that p=0.602 for hypertention and DM type 2 was p= 0.102 Conclusion: There was no correlation of hearing impairment between risk factors Hypertention and DM type 2 in CKD patients with hemodialysis treatment.
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