The main aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between parental involvement and student science achievement using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Since it is not possible to eliminate the differences in students' economic, social and cultural status (ESCS), it is vital to understand which strategy could be most effective to promote equity in different school systems. Among the possible strategies, parental involvement has recently been conceived as a relevant factor. Data from a representative sample of 15-year-old Italian students who participated in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 were analyzed. The Italian data were compared with data from EU countries from the Mediterranean area that are culturally similar to Italy and that participated in the optional parent questionnaire, namely, France, Malta, Portugal, and Spain. Students completed the PISA test, and their parents completed the optional questionnaire that included questions regarding students' ESCS, attitudes and beliefs regarding science and their expectations regarding their children's educational careers. The model was successful in explaining the PISA test scores in science: the predicted model showed a good fit to the data with 25% of the variance explained. The results showed that ESCS contributed to the prediction of science achievement; furthermore, the results evidenced the positive, significant effects of parental involvement factors mediating the relationship between ESCS and PISA test achievement, especially in France, Malta and Portugal. Although the mediation effects were not large, they were statistically significant for all countries considered and suggested that parental involvement plays a mediating role in the effects of ESCS on science achievement, as evidenced by the significant indirect effects observed in the SEM analysis. Increasing parental participation could be a useful intervention to reduce ESCS-related differences in achievement.
Background The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) effectively treat cervical dysplasia, though some women have reported negative outcomes postoperatively (e.g., sexual dysfunction, psychosexual sequalae). There is insufficient understanding of patient experiences with these symptoms and perspectives from the providers who perform LEEP/LLETZ. Aim To characterize the perceptions and experiences of LEEP/LLETZ treatment from providers and patients, including whether there is a characteristic symptom profile of women who report negative outcomes. Methods Patients who had LEEP/LLETZ treatment and reported negative outcomes and providers who perform LEEP/LLETZ completed semistructured interviews about their perceptions and experiences, which were coded through thematic analysis (NVivo 12; QSR International). Patients also completed an online survey assessing demographics, medical history, and sexual function. Outcomes Outcomes included perspectives generated from patient and provider interviews regarding LEEP/LLETZ procedural outcomes, including symptoms and experiences related to sexual functioning. Results Perspectives and experiences gathered from patient and provider interviews revealed misaligned narratives surrounding LEEP/LLETZ outcomes and treatment. We identified 4 overarching themes encapsulating provider and patient responses: Expectations for Preoperative Consultation; Procedure Experiences; Attitudes; and Resources. Patients reported a unique symptom profile and negative outcome experiences, namely surrounding domains of sexual functioning: decreased physical sensations, orgasm response, and vaginal discharge, as well as loss of arousal, interest, and desire. Patients described changes to overall quality of life, with impacts to interpersonal relationships. Patients discussed preferring open-ended and directed questions to comprehensively elucidate negative outcomes. Provider narratives outlined the current process of care, emphasizing limited experiences with adverse outcomes (e.g., sexual issues) and the use of open-ended questions during counseling. Providers described an evolving intention to create comfortable clinical spaces. Regarding pre- and postoperative resources, patients described seeking support from online patient groups, and providers disclosed limitations to providing resources. Clinical Implications Evidence of discordance between patient and provider perspectives of LEEP/LLETZ reveals a need to reassess clinical practices surrounding this procedure at the level of discussions regarding informed consent, sexual function, and available resources. Strengths and Limitations This study is the first to examine patient and provider perspectives on LEEP/LLETZ treatment. Only patients who self-report negative outcomes were recruited, to elicit narratives from this specific subpopulation. Conclusion Results indicate a characteristic symptom profile of women who undergo LEEP/LLETZ and report negative outcomes and that the perceptions of patients and providers differ regarding several aspects of the treatment experience, supporting the need for directed open conversation and comprehensive pre- and postoperative sexual counseling.
No abstract
COVID-19 has attracted worldwide attention ever since the first case was identified in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and was classified, at a later time, as a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020 and as a pandemic in March 2020. The interstitial pneumonia caused by COVID-19 often requires mechanical ventilation, which can lead to pulmonary barotrauma. We assessed the relationship between pneumonia severity and the development of barotrauma in COVID-19-positive patients mechanically ventilated in an intensive care unit; we therefore analyzed the prevalence of iatrogenic barotrauma and its trends over time during the pandemic in COVID-19-positive patients undergoing mechanical ventilation compared to COVID-19-negative patients, making a distinction between different types of ventilation (invasive mechanical ventilation vs. noninvasive mechanical ventilation). We compared CT findings of pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax in 104 COVID-19-positive patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit and 101 COVID-19-negative patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the period between October 2020 and December 2021. The severity of pneumonia was not directly correlated with the development of barotrauma. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of complications due to barotrauma was observed in the group of mechanically ventilated COVID-19-postive patients vs. COVID-19-negative patients. A higher rate of barotrauma was observed in subgroups of COVID-19-positive patients undergoing mechanical ventilation compared to those treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of barotrauma in COVID 19-positive patients showed a decreasing trend over the period under review. CT remains an essential tool in the early detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of the clinical course of SARS-CoV2 pneumonia; in evaluating the disease severity; and in the assessment of iatrogenic complications such as barotrauma pathology.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.