Introduction: Positive psychology (PP) constructs contribute significantly to a better quality of life for people with various diseases. There are still few studies that have evaluated the evolution of these aspects during the progression of dementia.Objective: To compare the scores for self-esteem, life satisfaction, affect, spirituality, hope, optimism and perceived support network between elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild dementia and moderate dementia and control group.Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 66 healthy controls, 15 elderly people with MCI, 25 with mild dementia and 22 with moderate dementia matched by age, gender, and schooling. The instruments used were: Spirituality Self Rating Scale (SSRS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Medical Outcomes Study’s Social Support Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), and Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS).Results: The scores for spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affect, and hope differed significantly between the groups (p < 0.05). The individuals with MCI and mild dementia had lower spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism and hope scores, and higher negative affect scores compared with the controls. The scores for PP constructs did not differ between the group of people with moderate dementia and the control group.Conclusion: Dementia was found to impact several PP constructs in the early stages of the disease. For individuals with greater cognitive impairment, anosognosia appears to suppress the disease’s impact on these constructs.
Objetivo Comparar os efeitos da massagem manual perilaríngea e do treinamento vocal tradicional em professores com queixas vocais. Métodos Quarenta e dois professores universitários foram selecionados aleatoriamente para um dos dois grupos: grupo de massagem manual perilaríngea (G1), ou grupo de treinamento vocal (G2). Avaliações realizadas : autoavaliação vocal e da dor, relato de sintoma vocal, avaliação da tensão da musculatura cervical, análises perceptivo-auditiva e acústica da voz. Resultados Não houve diferença entre os grupos para idade, gênero e tempo de magistério. Os sintomas vocais mais referidos foram sensação de secura na garganta e rouquidão. Nos dois grupos houve redução dos sintomas vocais. Não houve diferença entre as intervenções, quanto aos escores parciais e total do questionário de autoavaliação vocal e à análise acústica. O G1 apresentou diferença intragrupo para autopercepção vocal e parâmetro acústico “energia de ruído glótico”. O G2, para os escores “efeitos na comunicação diária”, “efeitos na emoção”, “limitação das atividades”, escore total, parâmetros shimmer e “energia de ruído glótico”. O G1 apresentou diferença intragrupo para autopercepção da dor e houve redução da tensão cervical e do grau discreto de disfonia, aumentando a porcentagem de sujeitos com grau normal. O G2 manteve o resultado da análise perceptivo-auditiva da voz, após a intervenção, e não apresentou diferença na avaliação da tensão. Conclusão : As duas intervenções contribuíram para melhorar o bem-estar e a qualidade vocal dos participantes, cabendo ao profissional fonoaudiólogo decidir qual utilizará, observando as queixas e a demanda vocal do professor.
RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o desempenho dos sistemas de manutenção do equilíbrio corporal de jovens, adultos e idosos para caracterização dos futuros idosos em relação à prevalência de distúrbios do equilíbrio. Foram avaliados 62 sujeitos a partir da Posturografia Dinâmica. Os achados neste estudo sugerem um aumento da prevalência de distúrbios do equilíbrio entre indivíduos idosos no Brasil nos próximos 30-40 anos. Palavras-chave: Equilíbrio Postural; Adulto; Idoso; Envelhecimento. ABSTRACT; The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of body balance maintenance systems of young, adult and elderly individuals for possible characterization of the future trend of elderly, in relation to the prevalence of balance disorders. The performances of 62 subjects were measured using the Foam-Laser Dynamic Posturography. The findings in this study suggest an increase in prevalence of balance disorders among elderly individuals in Brazil in the next 30 -40 years. . Manutenção do equilíbrio corporal: perspectivas futuras. Revista Kairós-Gerontologia, 22(1), 231-247. ISSNe 2176-901X. São Paulo (SP), Brasil: FACHS/NEPE/PEPGG/PUC-SP RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar el desempeño de los sistemas de mantenimiento del equilibrio corporal de jóvenes, adultos y ancianos para caracterizar a los futuros ancianos en relación a la prevalencia de disturbios del equilibrio. Se evaluaron 62 sujetos a partir de la Posturografía Dinámica. Los hallazgos en este estudio sugieren un
resumo Objetivo: Estudar a diferença na percepção de restrição de participação auditiva (handicap auditivo) em indivíduos longevos (80 anos ou mais) e não longevos (menos de 80 anos), residentes em instituição de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI), avaliada pelo questionário The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Ederly (HHIE). Métodos: Foi realizada a aplicação de um inventário sociodemográfico seguida da aplicação do questionário HHIE. Resultados: Participaram 100 indivíduos, com idades entre 59 e 104 anos, sendo 30 homens e 70 mulheres. A percepção de restrição de participação auditiva foi observada em algum grau em somente 44% dos participantes. Os longevos demonstraram possuir percepção de restrição de participação auditiva em maior número de situações diárias do que os indivíduos não longevos. As questões referentes a situações sociais demonstraram maior chance de interferir de maneira significativa na percepção de restrição de participação auditiva do indivíduo longevo, do que as emocionais. Conclusão: A maioria dos indivíduos não apresentou percepção de restrição de participação auditiva, sendo a mesma mais frequente em indivíduos longevos. Os indivíduos longevos têm maior chance de perceber restrição de participação auditiva decorrente de situações sociais, do que emocionais. O contrário, sendo verdadeiro para indivíduos não longevos. Foram observadas queixas significativas de dificuldades auditivas no cotidiano dos indivíduos institucionalizados, que dificilmente seriam verificadas em avaliações de saúde rotineiras, e que podem resultar em dificuldades de inserção do indivíduo institucionalizado em seu meio social, sugerindo que o questionário HHIE seja incluído na avaliação clínica dos idosos residentes em ILPI. palavras-chave Transtornos da audição. Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado. Perda Auditiva. Envelhecimento. Audição. Presbiacusia. abstract Objective: To study the differences in perceived hearing handicap between oldest-old (80 years or older) and non-oldest-old individuals (less than 80 years-old) residing in a long-stay institution for the elderly through the application of The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Ederly (HHIE). Methods: Both groups answered a questionnaire assessing socio and demographic status, followed by the HHIE. Results: We interviewed 100 individuals aged between 59 and 104 years old, 30 men and 70 women. Forty-four percent of the participants had some degree of perceived hearing handicap. Oldest-old individuals showed perceived hearing handicap in a larger number of daily situations than non-oldest-old individuals. Issues relating to social situations demonstrated a greater chance to interfere significantly in perceived hearing handicap in oldest-old individuals than the emotional ones. Conclusion: Most subjects had not perceived hearing handicap. However, the presence of this perception occurs more frequently in oldest-old individuals. The long-lived individuals are more likely to perceive auditory participation restrictions resulting from social situations than result in emotional situations, the opposite being true for younger individuals. We observed significant complaints about the difficulties of hearing in the daily source of institutionalized individuals which were unlikely to be detected in routine health assessments and may result in integration difficulties of institutionalized individuals in their social environment. The finds suggest that HHIE should be included in a health assessment of the institutionalized elderly. keywords Hearing Disorders. Health of Institutionalized Elderly. Hearing Loss. Aging. Hearing. Presbycusis.
Introduction Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive. Objective The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory — BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs. Results Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression. Conclusion Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.
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