Monitoring water quality in large dams is becoming a necessity for protecting stored water from various forms of pollution. This process requires analysis of several samples on a weekly or monthly basis. Our study aims to determine the relationship between water quality parameters (WQP) and digital data from the Sentinel-2 satellite to estimate and map the WQP in the Bin El Ouidane Reservoir. The in situ sampling was carried out in the Bin El Ouidane Reservoir (Azilal Province), followed by analysis of physicochemical parameters in the laboratory.These measurement results were compared with the reflectance in each sampling location to investigate the correlations between bands and laboratory chemical analysis results. The correlation results showed that all studied parameters have an R 2 greater than 0.52, and they can be transformed to predictive models by stepwise regression.The accuracy of our proposed models was tested using the Oum Er-Rbia Hydraulic Basin Agency data, and the results showed that only three parameters yield admissible verification results (Chlorophyll A, dissolved Oxygen and Nitrate). Those models were then used in geographic information system software to produce a thematic map of each parameter over the entire surface of the reservoir. As a conclusion, the Sentinel-2 images could help indicate the eutrophication stage in the Bin El Ouidane Reservoir, which is a major risk in major Moroccan reservoirs.
The study was carried out in the watershed of Oued El Abid that is located upstream of the Bin El Ouidane Dam in Morocco. Looking for a sustainable watershed management practices, we estimated soil losses from the river basin and the sediment yield deposited in the dam of Bin El Ouidane, using the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow-IntErO model, based on the Erosion Potential Method-EPM. The watershed of the lake receiving the waters and sediments from the two mean water courses Oued El Abid and Assif Ahansal, therefore before to proceed the calculation, the watershed was divided in two sub basins; the soil erosion and sediment yield were calculated for each sub basin. The result of calculation for the studied Oued El Abid river basin showed that the production of erosion material in the river basin is 3.960.115 m³yr-1. Coefficient of the deposit retention, calculated using the IntErO model, was 0.3 and as a consequence, real soil losses were calculated on 1.188.657 m³yr-1 ; specific real soil losses per km 2 402 m³km 2 yr-1. Our findings, based on Gavrilovic classification, pointed out that the studied area is with a medium potential of soil erosion risk, due to the steep land slope and low vegetation cover in the watershed. The model outcome is validated using the Bathymetry measurements in the Dam of Bin El Ouidane.
SUMMARYSoil erosion by water as a natural process can occur in all climates and zones and change all landforms. As the measuring of soil erosion is costly and time consuming process, dozens of erosion prediction models have been developed and the aim of the majority of all of them is to predict average rates (often an annual average rate) of soil loss from an area such as a plot, a field or a catchment/watershed under various land management techniques. On the other hand, outflow is the most important element of the hydrological cycle and that is why it is important to determine it as accurately as possible by measuring and predicting. Therefore, the IntErO (Intensity of Erossion and Outflow) model based on the EPM (Erosion Potential Method) method was used for calculation of outflow and sediment yield in the S2-1 watershed of Shirindareh River Basin in the Northeast Iran with the area of 46.77 km2. According to the results, the predicted peak discharge was 101 m3 s-1 for the incidence of 100 years and the specific sediment yield was 267 m3 km-2 year-1. According to the previous studies and topographic characteristics, the river basin watershed belongs to the V category and has very weak erosion. The results of the present study and previous experiences of the other researchers revealed that the IntErO model can be used to estimate soil loss in the other regions similar to Shirindareh River Basin.
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