In these studies, we had determined the concentrations of heavy metals in P. hypophthalmus including sediment, water and Fish organs (gills, flesh, and liver) in order to evaluate the possible risk of consumption. Concentration of heavy metal was not significantly presence of water whereas heavy metal in sediment Ni: 26.31 mgkg -1 -33.03 mgkg -1 ; Cu: 13.00 mgkg -1 -23.20 mgkg -1 ; Cr: 7.31 mgkg -1 -15.41 mgkg -1 ; Pb: 6.43 mgkg -1 -8.65 mgkg -1 ; Cd: BDL (Below Detection Limits) were higher than that of fish parts .03) mgkg -1 Metal concentration in fish feed followed the sequence Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd and found that both farm feeds were more or less same quality except one or two metals. The concentration of heavy metals recorded in the fish parts also indicated a certain degree of bio-accumulation. The concentration of all metals in water were below the WHO and FEPA recommended limits and suggested that the water of the farm are safe and suitable for use, but the concentration of heavy metals in gills, kidney and liver of the fish are high beyond the tolerable level, which indicated that as far as these metals are concerned, the fish is unfit for human consumption.
Introduction:The culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has become wide spread because of its high productivity over a short period of time. Its production partially fulfills the demand for food in rural people in Bangladesh. However, the accumulation of toxic heavy metals in the human body through consumption of fish contaminated by it causes various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of five heavy metals, namely, cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) in cultured Nile tilapia in the Noakhali region of Bangladesh. Methods: Fish were collected from three different fish farms in the Noakhali region and samples of gill, muscles and liver of tilapia were assayed for Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cu using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Proximate composition of the tilapia was also determined. Results: Metal accumulation in different tissues was as follows: liver > gill > muscle. The accumulation of metals in the muscle, gill and liver was Ni > Pb > Cr > Cu > Cd, Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Cd and Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd, respectively. The bioaccumulation of lead was significantly increased in liver and gill while muscle showed the lowest value. Conclusion: It can be concluded that bioaccumulation of Pb, Cr and Ni in Nile tilapia in this study exceeds the permissible limits set for heavy metals by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-407. This is potentially risky for consumers.
Heavy metals to man through aquatic life occur with the consumption of affected fish which is detrimental to the human body, having toxic and carcinogenic effects. In Bangladesh, the practice of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture has become popular due to its great demand to people. This study aimed at determining levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni in feed used for tilapia culture (N=18), in sediment (N=9) and water (N=9) of three culture pond of three different farms of Noakhali region in Bangladesh. Heavy metal concentration was detected by Atomic absorption spectroscopy. The average metal concentration in fishes of farm 1, farm 2 and farm 3 following trend Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>Cd, Pb>Ni>Cr>Cu>Cd, and Pb>Ni>Cu>Cr>Cd, respectively. The level of selected heavy metals was below detection limit in a water sample. The order of heavy metal concentration in feed samples of each farm was decreased in the similar sequence of Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd. Heavy metal concentrations in the sediment of farm 1 was decreased in the order of Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr>Cd but metal concentrations in the sediment of farm 2 and farm 3 were decreased in the similar manner of Ni>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd. The results show evidence of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the fish with alarming levels that are higher than IAEA-407 limits, therefore, posing a potential risk for the consumer.
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