not available Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 439-446, 2020 (December)

A total fifty-two algal taxa belonging to 3 classes and 21 families were reported from Itahari and its adjoining areas. Among them, Chlorophycean taxa were rich with 36 taxa followed by 9 taxa of Cyanophyceae and 7 taxa of Bacillariophyceae. Sixteen taxa were identified up to generic level only and rest 36 up to species level. Most of the species were collected from aquatic habitat both lotic and lentic, some were from soil and few as epiphytic. Out of 36, ten algae viz

An ectomycorrhiza plays a vital role in the maintenance and strengthening the forest ecosystems and diversity. This study attempts to assess the ecology and diversity of ectomycorrhiza in tropical Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forest in Sunsari district, eastern Nepal. The collection of ectomycorrhiza was carried out from June to September (rainy season) for the year 2019-2020. A total of 18 species of ectomycorrhiza belonging to 12 genera and 7 families were collected.  Russulaceae was found to be the dominant family representing 7 species. As per the diversity indices, the Shannon Weiner index and Simpson’s index were found to be 2.60 and 0.913, respectively indicating a higher value for the index of diversity. The results conclude that the moist tropical forest of Sunsari district is rich in ectomycorrhizal fungi, which consequently may provide a great opportunity for nutrient absorption

Soil fertility management in agricultural land is challenging in hilly areas of Nepal. The study assesses the soil fertility status of Bari (upland) and Khet (lowland) agriculture land in Mid-hill of Gorkha district. Altogether 30 samples were collected from soil surface (0 to 20 cm) by using hand shovel in January, 2017. The soil fertility parameters like pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) were analyzed using standard methods in the laboratory of Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University. Results revealed that an average pH in upland (6.62) was higher than the lowland (5.94). Similarly, OM (3.95%) and K (36.49 kgha-1) were relatively high in upland. In addition, pH, OM and available K were significantly varied at p<0.05 in upland and lowland soils, however, there is no significant difference in TN and available P. In addition, soil nutrient index showed that status of available K in both types of land is low, while OM and TN are medium soil quality in upland and lowland soil. The use of organic fertilizer and improved farming system can maintain and sustain soil fertility for crop growth and yield. Understanding distribution of soil nutrients in the study area might be useful for planners to make effective soil fertilizer management strategies.

A total 77 types of vegetables and 33 fruits were recorded from the markets of Dharan during the period of one year. Among them, 11 vegetables viz. Agaricus bisporus, Allium cepa, A. sativum, Capsicum annum, Coriandrum sativum, Dolichos lablab, Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum melongena, S. tuberosum, Vigna sinensis and Zingiber officinale and 5 fruits viz., Citrus aruntifolia, Coccus nucifera, Musa paradisiaca, Punica granatum and Pyrus malus were found in all months. Nineteen vegetables appeared only in winter, 21 only in summer and 30 in both winter and summer seasons but not throughout the year. Similarly, 11 fruits were available in winter, 9 in summer and 8 fruits occurred in both seasons but not throughout the year. Forty seven vegetables and 14 fruits were cultivated locally and 31 vegetables and 5 fruits were procured from other places. Fourteen vegetables and 8 fruits were brought to the market from wild habitats. Vegetables and fruits supplied from Hilly area and Terai plains were also noted. The most expensive vegetable and fruit were Mushrooms and pomegranate, respectively. Vegetable prices started to decrease from December and remained low during January, February and March; started to increase from April and reached at climax in May and June. Generally, the price of fruits was high from April to July. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7501 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 134-147 (2012)

Cyanobacteria of BaghJhoda pond in three different seasons hav been studied. A total of 8 cyanophycean algae under 6 genera viz., Anabaena, Aphanocapsa, Chroococcus, Oscillatoria, Phormidium and Spirulina were recorded. Anabaena, Oscillatoria and Phormidium were dominant genera and occurred in all three seasons. All the 8 taxa were new for the study area and Anabaena affinis and Anabaena subcylindrical were new records for Nepal.

The purpose of this study was to record existing information and perception of local people on invasive alien plant species IAPs in the rural areas of lowland, eastern Nepal (Ramdhuni Municipality, Sunsari District). A semi-structured questionnaire survey and interview were carried out to document whether the people were known or unknown to the IAPs followed by harmful or beneficial effects of IAPs and control measures to minimize the spread of IAPs. We found that only 6.25% of respondents knew about the IAPs and there was significant difference between the percentage of respondents who were known or unknown to IAPs. There was a significant positive correlation between the respondents' ages and the number of plants they described. Local people have been using IAPs for food, medicine, and fodder for a long time. However, some IAPs also have detrimental effects in forest and agriculture.

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