The official speech standard of the court called bon usage, established in the 17 th century, develops into a speech standard based on literature at the end of the 17 th and beginning of the 18 th century. The aim of this article is to interpret the metalinguistic discourse that develops within this setting as an interweaving of the traditional postulate of naturalness and clarity and the explaining modes of the language philosophical thinking of the French Enlightenment. Despite the growing importance of the philosophical and scientific discourse, the symbolic quality of the literary language remains more important. This language norm based on literary texts advances to a cultural pattern of usage through the Enlightenment and the establishment of a general educational system, which the proponents of the Enlightenment postulated. Every Frenchman who wants to appear educated uses it, by which repetition it becomes a decisive mode of everyday communication. Nowadays, the many processes of disintegration of the orientation towards this standard can only be understood on the basis of the 18 th century, since they transport the linguistic cultural heritage of the Enlightenment through a kind of dialectic, antithetic tension and synthesis.
Riassunto: Il contributo riguarda la retorica dei testi divulgativi su questioni di lingua pubblicati nella stampa italiana nell'arco di un periodo in cui si sono avverate modificazioni sostanziali a livello della norma standard e dell'uso linguistico nelle sfere discorsive alte e pubbliche. Il campione dei testi selezionati come base empirica proviene da cronache linguistiche e cioè da rubriche dedicate dai quotidiani a commenti critici, informativi o anche istruttivi sull'uso «corretto o adeguato» della lingua italiana, e firmate da specialisti nel campo (letterati, filologi, linguisti). Si propone essenzialmente un confronto di due cronache pubblicate fra gli anni 1950 e il primo decennio del Duemila in due dei più rinomati quotidiani nazionali, La Stampa e La Repubblica.Il corpus è indagato con l'obiettivo di individuare le strategie retoriche adoperati dagli autori per esaminare i riflessi dei paradigmi scientifici che muovono la ricerca linguistica nel discorso divulgativo sulla lingua e la pertinenza di particolari tradizioni discorsivi nella scelta di tali strategie.Parole chiave: divulgazione; tradizioni discorsive; cronaca linguistica; strategie retoricheAbstract: This paper deals with the rhetoric of articles about language related topics published in Italian newspapers in a period of substantial changes in the field of the standard norm and the language use in the high and public discourse spheres. The sample of texts which serves as an empirical basis comes from language columns which provide critical, informative or instructive comments on the "correct or adequate" use of the Italian language, texts which were signed by specialists in the field of literature, philology and linguistics. We compare two language columns published in two of the most renowned national daily newspapers, La Stampa and La Repubblica, between the 1950s and the first decade of the 21st century. The aim of this comparison is to identify rhetorical strategies adopted by the authors to examine both the reflection on scientific paradigms which have been the subject of linguistic research on the popular discourse on language and the relevance of specific discourse traditions for the selection of these strategies.Keywords: vulgarization; discourse traditions; language columns; rhetorical strategies IntroduzioneIl seguente contributo riguarda la retorica dei testi divulgativi nell'ambito dei mass media. Il campione dei testi selezionati come base empirica proviene da cronache linguistiche 1 , dedicate dai quotidiani a commenti critici, informativi o anche istruttivi sull'uso «corretto o adeguato» della lingua italiana, e firmate da specialisti nel campo (letterati, filologi, linguisti). Si propone essenzialmente un confronto di due cronache pubblicate fra gli anni 1950 e il primo decennio del Duemila in due dei più rinomati quotidiani nazionali, La Stampa e La Repubblica. Il corpus è indagato con l'obiettivo di individuare le strategie retoriche adoperate dagli autori per esaminare la pertinenza di particolari tradizioni discorsiv...
Since 1989 the State of Bavaria and the Canadian province of Quebec have established a close and dynamic partnership in the field of science and technology as well as in politics, economy, education and culture. The cooperation rests upon common cultural and historical values that originate from a strong and unique identity both partners claim, granting them a special status within the federal states in which they are embedded. Based on this premise, it is possible to determine a number of analogies and differences in the perception and definition of the languages and dialects spoken in both communities. This comparison in terms of language and identity was focused during a bilateral seminar organised in the province of Quebec in March 2012 by the Chair of Romance linguistics of the University of Augsburg and various institutional and academic partners in Quebec. The project was conceptualized as an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to analyse respectively the role of regional variation as an identity marker, its place in the metalinguistic discourse in the media, its importance in language policies for integration, its protection and promotion as well as its description in lexicography. The article describes and analyses the results of two subprojects carried out by the Bavarian participants of the seminar. By means of a mini-survey conducted on both sides of the Atlantic, we first compare the perception and evaluation of regional linguistic identity as it is displayed by two similarly structured commercial televisions. Secondly we contrast the metalinguistic discourse put forward by a Bavarian language columnist (the so-called chroniqueur de langage) with the discourse of one of his Quebec counterparts, who we were able to interview.
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