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The proximate composition, digestibility, and functional properties of micronized, pre‐germinated, and untreated yellow pea flours were investigated. The three flours had comparable proximate composition. Foaming capacity and solubility at pH 7 were lower in the treated flours compared with the untreated flours. Water holding capacity (WHC) and fat absorption capacity (FAC) were both improved in the micronized flour and only FAC in the pre‐germinated flour. The degree of hydrolysis of the flours pre‐hydrolyzed with bromelain, trypsin, or papain ranged between 8.89 and 19.80%. Pre‐hydrolysis resulted in partial reduction in the molecular weight (MW) of the proteins and extensive reduction after in vitro protein digestion. The hydrolysates had lower trypsin inhibitor and higher total phenol and phytic acid contents than the flours. Practical applications The use of yellow pea and other pulses is hampered by their low protein digestibility due to the presence of anti‐nutritional factors and protein complexation with carbohydrates. Milder processing techniques have become attractive alternative to overcome these attributes. The results from this study suggest that micronization, pre‐germination, and/or pre‐hydrolysis can be conveniently used to modify the nutritional and functional properties and bioactive potential of yellow pea flours. This could markedly influence value, diversify use, and competitiveness of yellow pea.

Oat ( Avena sativa ) is one of the most cultivated and consumed cereals worldwide. Recognized among cereals for its high protein content (12%–24%), it makes it an excellent source of bioactive peptides, which could be modified during processes such as heating and gastrointestinal digestion (GID). This work aims to evaluate the impact of heat treatment on the proteolysis of oat proteins and on the evolution of antioxidant peptide released during in vitro static GID, in terms of comparative analysis between cooked oat protein concentrate (COPC) and non-heated oat protein concentrate (OPC) samples. The protein extraction method and cooking procedure used showed no detrimental effects on protein quality. After GID, the proportion of free amino acids/dipeptides (<0.2 ​kDa) reached >40% for both samples (OPC and COPC), thus producing peptides with low molecular weight and enhanced bioactivity. Furthermore, during GID, the amino acid profile showed an increase in essential, positively-charged, hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids. At the end of GID, the reducing power of OPC and COPC increased >0.3 and 8-fold, respectively, in comparison to the non-digested samples; while ABTS •+ and DPPH • showed a >20-fold increase. Fe 2+ chelating capacity of OPC and COPC was enhanced >4 times; similarly, Cu 2+ chelation showed a >19-fold enhancement for OPC and >10 for COPC. β-carotene bleaching activity was improved 0.8 times in OPC and >9 times in COPC; the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assay increased 2 times in OPC and >4.7 times in COPC, respectively. This study suggests that OPC after cooking and GID positively influenced the nutritional and bioactive properties of oat peptides. Thus, COPC could be used as a functional food ingredient with health-promoting effects, as hydrothermal treatment is frequently used for this type of cereals.

Pulses are consumed worldwide with different processing methods, which may impact their digestibility, protein quality, and composition. This study aims to analyze the effect of extrusion, baking, and cooking on protein nutritional parameters; bioactive compounds; and the impact on antioxidant capacity (AOX) of 10 selected pulses.Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that thermal processing causes modifications to the main storage proteins in pulses.