Background: Treatment of multiple cutaneous piloleiomyomas which are rare, frequently painful, benign tumors originating from the arrector pilorum muscle of hair follicles is difficult. Objective: To determine the efficiency of botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) treatment for pain relief of cutaneous piloleiomyomas. Methods: A patient with multiple painful piloleiomyomas was treated with local injections of 200 units of BT-A. Results: There was a rapid and sustained decrease in pain. Treatment was repeated every 3 months for 2 years with the same efficacy. Conclusion: BT-A may be a promising new treatment option for multiple painful cutaneous piloleiomyomas.
Recent whole-genome and candidate-gene association studies in patients with psoriasis (PS) have identified a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that predispose to disease with moderate risk. Predisposition to PS is known to be affected by genetic variation in human leukocyte antigen-C as well as other non-human leukocyte antigen genes. We recently reported for the first time as a PS-associated SNP the signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 (STAT4) rs7574865 polymorphism, which is also associated with several autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to assess whether the functional R620W polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene encoding the lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase, which is known to be associated with various autoimmune diseases, also confers increased risk for PS in the genetic homogeneous population of Crete. A case-control study was performed with 173 PS patients consecutively recruited and 348 healthy controls, all of them from the island of Crete. We found that the mutated T allele of the PTPN22 1858T SNP was more common in control individuals than in patients with PS (odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.11-1.04, p = 0.09). No considerable difference was observed in terms of sex, age of onset, or clinical presentation of psoriatic arthritis. Our results provide evidence that the PTPN22 1858T allele is not a susceptibility factor for PS in the Cretan population.
Hydroxychloroquine is a commonly used medication and rarely may result in development of erythema multiforme. This potential cutaneous side effect should be highlighted in information given to patients prior to hydroxychloroquine commencement.
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