No abstract

Compared with endoscopic US, helical CT focused on the stomach provides valuable results regarding T and N staging in patients with gastric cancer.

Most benign papillary tumors are adenomas which can potentially undergo the adenoma-carcinoma-sequence making complete removal mandatory for curative therapy. Endoscopic resection (papillectomy) of these lesions is being increasingly performed as a less traumatic alternative to surgery. Available data shows endoscopic papillectomy to be effective and safe in experienced hands with usually little morbidity and virtually no mortality. Success rates are around 80 % for lesions without intraductal involvement. Selected cases of limited distal intraductal involvement accessible after sphincterotomy may also be managed curatively by endoscopic resection. Endoscopic snare resection of entire lesions should be primarily regarded as a diagnostic procedure. It allows for an accurate histological diagnosis based on examination of the entire specimen rather than forceps biopsies and thus a reliable assessment of the need for surgical therapy. Subsequent surgery in operable patients is not precluded by previous endoscopic resection. Surgery is indicated in case of incomplete removal and if malignancy is present. The curative role of endoscopic papillectomy for early invasive carcinoma needs to be established. Histological features and individual risk for surgery are factors to be considered. Inoperable patients may still benefit from palliative endoscopic stenting. After endoscopic papillectomy has been completed, regular follow-up examinations including biopsies are warranted because of the risk of local recurrence. For benign looking papillary tumors, endoscopic papillectomy serves as a diagnostic tool and should be considered as first line procedure regardless of age. The following article details the approach to patients with benign papillary tumor and the technique of endoscopic papillectomy.

No abstract

For patients with low-risk malignant polyps, endoscopic polypectomy alone seems to be adequate. In high-risk patients, the risk of adverse outcome should be weighed against the risk of surgery.