Purpose -TV changes in several disciplines concurrently: from analogue to digital, from scheduled broadcasts to on-demand TV on the internet, from a lean-back (passive) to a lean-forward (active) media, from straight watching to the consumption of content connected to additional services, from the sole TV viewer to the viewer being part in social networks and communities regarding to the TV content, etc. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the adaptation of design and realization of TV program formats to the changes that happen to television. In addition, the paper would like find out how to support the design of interactions, dynamic narrations and content types as well as the role of the internet within these processes and this application area. Design/methodology/approach -Currently, there exist many approaches towards the development of social, collaborative, and interactive TV program formats and systems. Within the scope of this paper, the authors present latest case studies and example program formats for each case. The paper examines them concerning their interaction possibilities and architecture as well as the influence and utilization of the web. Finally, the paper provides a simple categorization according to the narration character, content, and interactivity types of the listed TV program formats. Findings -Caused by the collaborative and interactive characteristic of the web, a big influence of the web concerning the hardware-and content-sided development of TV is discovered. Nevertheless, the web's potential is absolutely not exploited in this area, neither to give more dynamic to the narration, nor to appreciate the content type or the interactivity. Finally, the paper identifies a high effort, occurrence and development in the interactivity, in contrary to the narration characteristic and content types. Research limitations/implications -Only one representative, example TV program format enabling interactions by the viewer for each case in the paper, has been chosen. The authors make no claim to be complete, in covering all genres, possibilities of interaction or TV program formats existing for the field of interactive/social/collaborative TV. Originality/value -This paper presents an extension of a previous paper presented at the MoMM2009.
The purpose of this study was to elaborate and analyze the existing linkage between TV and Web content. We focused on mainstream TV broadcasters in Austria and Finland and chose 10 Austrian and 10 Finnish TV program formats that feature convergence with the Web. We conducted a multidisciplinary platform analysis based on a catalog of criteria established in previous studies that researched (non-) linear TV content in conjunction with the Web. In the second step, we summarized the outcome of the analysis by defining classes from the most frequently observed combination of criteria, which serve as a basis for the concluding discussion. Finally we present ideas and assumptions for a future scenario.Our study identifies that there is minimal linkage between TV and Web content in both countries and its potential is not well recognized in the market place. The reasons are multiple and range from the lack of standards and mechanisms for implementing linkage to inadequate interfaces and input devices. Hence, linear TV content, which limits Web content to coexisting Web pages, prevails.
Broadcasters own huge assets in form of audio-visual archives or licensing rights for content from 3 rd parties. A few public broadcasters grant free access to their consumer of their own produced content. Another trend is social media networks, where consumers are exchanging selected clips as form of digital goods on the Internet. Within the scope of this paper we especially focus on the investigation of this scenario, and research the business opportunities as well as the underlying potential digital platform for exchanging that can be utilized for exchanging digital clips and monetizing these as digital goods. However, the main focus will be on the presentation of the scenarios and the architecture to support the exchange of digital goods in a social media setting.
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