Presence of follicular epithelial cells, large MNGCs and dirty background of cellular debris, mixed inflammatory cells with predominance of lymphocytes and macrophages were the most striking and consistent features for diagnosis of DQT in cytological smears. The above findings in consideration with the clinical history will help us to reach a definitive diagnosis. FNA also proves to be a useful tool in excluding other thyroid lesions with similar clinical presentations.
FNAC of the breast, although effective for the diagnosis of breast lesions is largely subjective and a minority of cases cannot be classified as benign or malignant due to the morphological overlap. This hinders a definite diagnosis which may sometimes lead to unnecessary surgical biopsy. Morphometry in combination with FNAC is one such method of improving the diagnosis. Aims & Objective: To study the nuclear morphology with regard to nuclear diameter; nuclear area; coefficient of variation of nuclear area; nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and the ratio of largest to smallest nuclear diameter (L:S ratio) on all breast aspirates (after histopathology correlation) performed at the Department of Pathology, MVJ MC and RH in a two year period for distinguishing benign lesions from Grade I Carcinoma. Methods: Sixty consecutive FNAC breast aspirates ratified by histology were studied from patients referred for a breast lump evaluation to the Department of Pathology, MVJ Medical College & Research Hospital between Aug 2010 to July 2012. Morphometric analysis was done on Haematoxylin & Eosin stained aspirates using the Image J Morphometric Software for image processing and analysis developed by National Institutes of Health, USA. Results: Nuclear morphometry calculated showed all the nuclear parameters were higher in the Grade I (well differentiated) carcinoma as compared to benign lesions, the highest difference being the mean nuclear area. Conclusion: Nuclear morphometry does helps in distinguishing the benign from Grade I carcinoma which is responsible for equivocal diagnosis in cytology.
Background: FNAC of the breast, although effective for the diagnosis of breast lesions is largely subjective and a minority of cases cannot be classified as benign or malignant due to the morphological overlap. This hinders a definite diagnosis which may sometimes lead to unnecessary surgical biopsy. Morphometry in combination with FNAC is one such method of improving the diagnosis. Objective: To study the nuclear morphology with regard to nuclear diameter; nuclear area; coefficient of variation of nuclear area; nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and the ratio of largest to smallest nuclear diameter (L:S ratio) on all breast aspirates (after histopathology correlation) performed at the Department of Pathology, MVJ MC and RH in a two year period. Statistical analysis was done to find out the significance of the five nuclear parameters in the benign and malignant categories. Methods: A total of 60 patients with a history of breast mass referred for FNAC to the Department of Pathology, MVJ MC &RH were taken for the study. Period of study: 2 years - August 2010 and July 2012. Morphometric analysis was done on Haematoxylin & Eosin stained aspirates using the Image J Morphometric Software for image processing and analysis developed by National Institutes of Health, USA. The five parameters were measured on 100 cells spread evenly on the slide surface. Correlation of results with histopathology was done using it as the gold standard. Any discrepancy in preformed cytological diagnosis was rectified after correlation. Statistical analysis was done using Student t-Test and one way ANOVA. Results: In this study, all the nuclear parameters were found to be significantly higher in the malignant lesions when compared to benign lesions (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Interactive computerized nuclear morphometry is an efficient and successful tool in distinguishing benign and malignant lesions. When faced with an inconclusive diagnosis of aspirates of breast masses, image analysis can help in the further classification of such lesions providing a more appropriate triage for surgical biopsy.
INTRODUCTION Palpable breast masses require a thorough clinical breast examination, imaging, and tissue sampling for a definitive diagsnosis to rule out malignancy. Mammography screens in same or contralateral breast can also detect malignant lesions in older women.Ultrasonography is particularly valuable in detecting cystic masses, and may be used to guide biopsy techniques. Invasive procedures such as core-needle biopsy allow histologic diagnosis, hormone-receptor testing, and differentiation between in situ and invasive disease. Breast masses have a variety of etiologies, benign and malignant. Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast mass while invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common malignancy. In this review, an attempt is made to examine the role of FNAC, triple test & Tru-cut biopsy in the detection of breast lesions.
Objective:To study the anatomy of the cystic artery and focus on its variations. Methods: 32 en bloc specimens of liver, the extrahepatic biliary apparatus and duodenum were collected from unclaimed human cadavers from the after fulfilling all medicolegal formalities. The specimens were kept in 10% formalin and the following were studied:1. Origin of cystic artery. 2. Course of cystic artery. Aims and Objectives:Talocrural joint is a major weight bearing joint of the body. The objective of the study is to find the mean measurements of the articular surfaces of bones forming the tibiofibular mortise in south Indian population, differences between the sides and variations within the same population and comparison of the study with that of the others. Methods: The present study was done in the Department of Anatomy, DM-WIMS, Meppadi, Kerala using 100 tibias (50 right and 50 left) and 100 fibulas (50 right and 50 left). All the measurements were taken using digital calipers. Results: There were no significant differences between the right and the left sides. There were no significant differences within the population. Conclusion: Articular surface was wider in front and it narrows posteriorly. The study will help in the reconstruction surgeries and in the manufacture of implants in south Indians.Objective: Osteological study of human cervical vertebrae was conducted for skeletal abnormalities and radiological study was also performed.
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