The development of regioselective aldol reactions of β‐methyl‐substituted cyclic enone derivatives with isatins to afford the aldol products with the bond formation at the methyl group of the β‐methyl‐substituted cyclic enone derivatives is described. Catalyst systems composed of DBU and pyrrolidine with DMSO were identified that resulted in the aldol reactions with almost perfect regioselectivities. DBU, pyrrolidine, and DMSO were all required to selectively afford the γ‐position‐reacted aldol products. With the use of this method, the scope of the 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxyoxindole derivatives that can be concisely synthesized was expanded.
A series of new derivatives of, were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, MS, and XRD analysis. These targeted compounds were synthesized by the melt reaction between N -methylated-4-chloropyridinium triflate and corresponding amines (1-naphthyl amine, o -ansidine, 2-nitroaniline, p-ansidine, and cyclohexyl amine) followed by the addition of sodium hydride in dichloromethane in the same pot. These highly electron-donating N -(1-methylpyridin-4(1 H) -ylidene)amine ligands considerably improve the catalytic activity of palladium acetate towards Heck-Mizoroki carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions.
The best three distinct families of putative pheromone receptors have been identified in the vomeronasal organ (V1Rs, V2Rs and V3Rs). All are G protein-coupled receptors but are only distantly related to the receptors of the main olfactory system, highlighting their different role. Objective: To characterize the Vomeronasal receptor 2 gene family in Zebra Fish (Danio rerio). Methods: Extensive survey was done to choose top V2R genes. Different software and tools were used to characterize those genes including Eggnog 2.0, MAFFT, ITOL, Weblogo and SOSUI Signal. Results: In order to get insights into this gene family in Zebra fish, we performed an extensive survey of V2R derived datasets. We identified 62 genes distributed among Danio rerio encoding putative vomeronasal proteins. V2R gene family was found to be highly conserved in this study by using Weblogo. It evolved at the level of eukaryotes. The V2R is involved mainly in olfaction. Conclusions: The basic repertoire of V2R genes seems to be larger for most of the species including Danio rerio and gene duplication still plays a role in lineage-specific increases in diversity. V2R gene family is very ancient, has high duplicability suggesting its essentiality.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.