Spindle-shaped CeO 2 on bio-char carbon synthesized by in-situ hydrothermal method. Naturally occurring Spirulina platensis microalgae used as the carbon source. N, P -doped carbon and O-vacancy of Ce 3þ in CeO 2 /BC700 promote the ORR kinetics. CeO 2 /BC700 has good ORR activity and remarkable stability after 5000 cycles.
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