In this study, 13 bacteria were isolated from the agricultural soils of Kyaukse city, Myanmar, and out of these isolates, two bacteria isolates viz. JU-24 and JU-33 are found to be potent phosphate (P) solubilisers and are selected for further studies. These two isolates are identified as Bacillus megaterium based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. When the growth rates of these two isolates were tested for salt tolerance, they could grow well in media with NaCl concentrations of 3%, 6% and 9%. For 0% and 3% NaCl concentrations, JU-33 (84.37 mg/L for 0% NaCl and 130.36 mg/L for 3% NaCl) showed higher P-solubilising efficiency than JU-24 (73.29 mg/L for 0% NaCl and 87.42 mg/L for 3% NaCl) for both NaCl concentrations when inoculated in Ca3(PO4)2 containing liquid medium. In media containing AlPO4 and FePO4 without NaCl, the P-solubilising activity of JU-24 is higher than JU-33 for these two substrates. Moreover, these strains showed noticeable levels of P solubilisation activity in the presence of various carbon sources indicating high P-solubilising efficacy. The soil inoculation experiment revealed that inoculating the experimental soil with JU-33 resulted in an obvious increase in available P, which increased from 13.08 mg/L in the non-inoculated soil to 18.40 mg/L in the inoculated soil with the bacterial isolate, JU-33. This study clearly showed that JU-24 and JU-33 isolates could be used as biofertilizers in ecological agricultural systems and may help to sustain environmental health and soil productivity. The use of biofertilizers can reduce the use of expensive chemical fertilisers, reducing planting costs and improving soil fertility through long-term use. Biofertilizers can help solve the problem of feeding an increasing global population at a time when agriculture is facing various environmental stresses and are affordable for low-income farmers.
Soil properties are varied under human disturbance and understanding how the soil properties change is vital to know the potential of soils and their sensitivity to different soil managements. The aim of this study was to analyze the variation in soil physicochemical characters as influenced by different soil managements (orchards, crop rotation, and intensive use of fertilizer), in central dry zone in Myanmar. Eight soil properties such as soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen, available phosphate (Olsen P), extractable potassium (extractable K), cultivable bacterial counts were analyzed for top soil samples collected from twenty-one agricultural sites which planted for seven different crops. The results showed that studied soil properties except from soil texture were significantly different among studied soils (P<0.05), Olsen P were significantly higher in orchard soils (most intact), than other soil. (OM), (EC), and extractable K were significantly higher in onion soils (intensive use of fertilizer), Clay percent is significantly and positively correlated with most of the soil properties except from Olsen P. These results imply that soil properties are varied based on soil type and land use; therefore, agricultural management is important to maintain and enhance soil physicochemical properties and sustain ecosystem.
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