The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method was applied to calculate the runoff in the Khur khur watershed (KHW) based on (GIS and RS) techniques. The watershed (KHW) is located southeast of the Iraqi Kurdistan region and northeast Iraq in the foothill zone. The total area of (KHW) is (106.84) km2, and in the fifth order, it meets the Sirwan river. The study aim is to speculate annual runoff volume and to select the dam site in order to harvest water from (KHW). The research reached specific basic results; the annual rate of water returns was (14408514.23 m3), and a suitable dam location was proposed that could be exploited from the volume of surface runoff, with a capacity approximately (14 million m3).
The quaternary sediments have been studied in four sections; Garmian area, Kurdistan Region, North East Iraq, which are multi-features, multi-sources, and variable lithological compositional characteristics. The grain size granulometry was used and identified, gravel, sand and mud. Gravel-sized particles are partially producing a greater amount than sand and mud size in both sections (Sar-Qallah-1 and Salih-Agha). Statistical parameters such as (mean, mode, sorting, skewness and kurtosis), have shown that the sediments are very poorly sorted, very fine skewed and platykurtic. Petrographic studies of sediments under polarized microscope investigated that these sediments are predominately consisting of (chert and carbonate rock fragments), with the existence of few amounts of igneous and metamorphic rock fragments, feldspar and monocrystalline quartz. These fragments types are an indication of multiple source rocks originate from Ophiolites and thrust sheets from the Penjween area (North Iraq). Various types of heavy minerals are identified; opaque (hematite and pyrite), and nonopaque minerals (pyroxene, amphibole, epidote and zircon). X-ray diffraction technique is used to interpret clay mineralogy which indicates that chlorite and palygorskite are the main clay mineral with the presence of non-clay minerals such as quartz and calcite.
Morphometric analysis is the best method to understand and determine the shape, size, and dimension of a watershed. Conducting this analysis required a wide variety of quantitative measurements and mathematical analysis presenting valuable data related to hydrological characteristics of the watershed. Using GIS technique and Digital Elevation Models (SRTM-DEM) images were extremely facilitated the method and precisely boosted the results. Morphometric parameters were utilized of the Abbasan watershed determining hydrological properties and runoff assessment. The watershed area, of Abbasan covers (878.34) km2, the calculations of dimension, shape, and compactness coefficient are done which indicated elongated shape, low runoff intensity and low erosion rates. Most of the morphometric parameters were computed and analyzed such as relief properties, stream network, and drainage pattern characteristics which is referring to (2555) m elevation, low-moderate relief, six stream orders, and three types of drainage patterns respectively. Rectangular drainage patterns occupied a large area followed by Dendritic and Trellis patterns in terms of area. This study has given a comprehensive insight into the whole morphometric aspects of the Abbasan watershed.
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