The study examines the influence of financial development, fiscal policy, and institutional quality on the growth of Pakistan economy. We investigate whether financial development and or fiscal policies promote the economic growth. We also analyse the effect of institutional quality on economic growth of Pakistan. We use time series data from 1985-2016 and use GDP to proxy economic growth. We use unit-root tests to check for stationary of our sample. We perform a logarithmic transformation on the series to reduce outlier effects and use Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. The results show that financial development and revenue have a positive impact on growth. Our study results implicate that sound, strategic, and result-oriented policies should be formulated to transform our institutions and financial sectors into well organized, powerful, and trusted frameworks. These transformations will ensure efficient and productive utilization of savings.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most innovative technologies, which promises to improve and optimize daily life using sensors and smart devices. Semantic Web of Things (SWoT) is an extension of IoT that makes it possible for devices to enhance communication between each other by behaving intelligently. The SWoT comprises seven-layer architecture, where the perception layer is one of the most important layers, which is used for collecting data from devices and for ensuring communication with the devices and associated layer. Due to insufficient resources, unpredictable link, noise, collision, and sensor faults, data loss can occur at sensor nodes of perception. This paper defines the recoverability metric for the perception layer of the SWoT architecture. The contribution of this paper is three folds. First, it describes the main challenges for data communication in the perception layer. Second, it focuses on the recoverability metric that recovers the missing data at the perception layer. Finally, the recoverability metric is evaluated and compared with the ISO-9126-1 standard design quality metrics. To develop the design quality of SWoT, different measures, including efficiency, availability, and recoverability, are considered and proved with e-health case study. The results are statistically proven and demonstrate that the application of the proposed metric can enhance the SWoT performance and overcomes the problem of temporal loss of information.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most innovative technologies, which promises to improve and optimize daily life using sensors and smart devices. Semantic Web of Things (SWoT) is an extension of IoT that makes it possible for devices to enhance communication between each other by behaving intelligently. The SWoT comprises seven-layer architecture, where the perception layer is one of the most important layers, which is used for collecting data from devices and for ensuring communication with the devices and associated layer. Due to insufficient resources, unpredictable link, noise, collision, and sensor faults, data loss can occur at sensor nodes of perception. This paper defines the recoverability metric for the perception layer of the SWoT architecture. The contribution of this paper is three folds. First, it describes the main challenges for data communication in the perception layer. Second, it focuses on the recoverability metric that recovers the missing data at the perception layer. Finally, the recoverability metric is evaluated and compared with the ISO-9126-1 standard design quality metrics. To develop the design quality of SWoT, different measures, including efficiency, availability, and recoverability, are considered and proved with e-health case study. The results are statistically proven and demonstrate that the application of the proposed metric can enhance the SWoT performance and overcomes the problem of temporal loss of information.
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