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Background: The chemical composition of gallstones is essential to study aetiopathogenesis of gallstone disease. Objective: To determine the composition of gallstones in a Sudanese population. Patients and methods: It describes an extensive quantitative analysis of gallstones from patients presented with symptomatic gall stone disease and treated by cholecystectomy after the acceptance of the pre-given informed consent in Khartoum teaching hospital in the period between Jan 2010 and Dec 2010. Using a pretested questionnaire data collected from and analyzed statistically by SPSS computer program version 21. Results: Data are analyzed from 94 patients (six males and 88 females). Cholesterol stones showed a significantly higher cholesterol content than pigment stones (p = 0.0042), though not significantly higher than mixed stones. Their phospholipids content and inorganic phosphates were higher than in the other types of stones and oxalate content was significantly elevated in comparison with mixed stones (p = 0.0402). In mixed stones, the cholesterol, bile acids, and bilirubin were intermediate between cholesterol and pigment stones, whereas triglycerides were significantly more than pigment stones (p = 0.0007). Bilirubin (p = 0.0021) and bile acids (p = 0.0016) were significantly higher than cholesterol stones (p = 0.0001) and (p = 0.0001) respectively. However, they contained the lowest amounts of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and oxalate. In pigment stones, bilirubin was significantly higher (p = 0.0001) than both groups. Conclusion: Collaborations between surgeons, nutritionists, biochemists, and physicians should be stimulated in future studies to define the different types of gall stones in different areas in Sudan and the relevancy of such types with diets' traditions.

Background: Improvements in the sensitivity and specificity of biochemical thyroid tests, as well as the development of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and improved cytological techniques, have dramatically impacted clinical strategies for detecting and treating thyroid disorders. Fine needle aspiration is a safe and relatively painless procedure where a hypodermic needle passed into the lump and samples of tissue taken out. This procedure will provide us with more information about the nature of the lump, and especially differentiate between a benign and malignant mass. Objectives: The current prospective study designed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNA. The study was performed in the regional major hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Patients and methods: A thousand and three hundred thirty one patients who underwent thyroid surgery 'between' January 2004 to June 2007 were enrolled. Results: 247 (18.3%) had single nodular goiter. The incidence of benign and malignant lesions in single nodular goiter were 204 (87.6%) and 29 (12.4%) respectively. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNA were 95.5%, 99.5% and 99.4% respectively. Conclusion: Also there is correlation between the nodule size and the result of FNA, as the nodular size increase there is increase of the probability of malignant changes. So, solitary or dominant nodules ≥ 1cm in diameter might be evaluated by FNA.

Aims:A cross-sectional research study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and listeriosis coinfection among patients attending Sickbay Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria was carried out, with view to characterize, identify and to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of Original Research ArticleListeria monocytogenes isolated from the HBV seropositive patients.

Background: Obesity is a chief communal health dilemma that considered an epidemic worldwide including Saudi Arabia, where the preferred method for weight loss is bariatric surgery. The presence of some misconceptions among some people in Saudi society may cause a decrease in the level of making the right decisions and the appropriate way to deal with their weight. Aim: The current study conducted to evaluate the awareness of the adult population in the Hail region as regards to the safety, usefulness, as well as the consequences of bariatric surgery as an option for weight loss. Methodology: A cross sectional web survey administered to include Saudi adults' population older than 15 years of their age in the Hail region, from January to August 2022. Results: A 400 participants from Hail, Saudi Arabia responded to the web survey. With respect to demography, 76% of participants were aged 15-30 years old. Most (61.5%) were male. A 56 (14%) of the participants had a medical history of obesity. Regarding participants' perceptions regarding obesity, factors that aid in weight reduction, and bariatric surgery, it was found that most participants had an intermediate level of awareness. Conclusion: It should shed light on the role of physicians and health educators in informing patients and providing them with the essential details to augment their knowledge and awareness regarding obesity, ways to lose weight and bariatric surgery.