Objectives This study analyzes the consumption pattern of health care costs in Iranian urban households' life cycle costs with a focus on aging period during 1997 to 2013. Methods & Materials This study is a secondary analysis conducted using data from the UN Population Division and household income and spending, with the help of pseudo-panel method. In order to recreate and analyze data, STATA software is used. In addition, the index of scale is used for adjusting the amount of costs relative to household size and age of people in the household, and the consumer price index is used in order to adjust inflation of the costs in different years. Results Findings showed that the population is transitioning from youth to old age; the number of elderly is estimated to reach over 10 million people, i.e. more than 11%, in 2036. Analysis of the effects of aging on health care costs show that demand for consumption from age 25 to 50 years is gradually growing; this demand then reaches its climax in the final years of an individual's life. The effect of generation showed that new generations have a higher demand for consumption of healthcare costs compared to the previous generations. The results of the study indicate that the demand for consumption is initially fixed and then is increased or decreased in the mentioned years. Conclusion Based on the results of this research, it can be said that people throughout their life cycle always allocate a percentage of their total spending to health care costs, but the percentage of this allocation is different at different ages. In a way the demand for healthcare costs increases with aging, it rises significantly in the old age. At the macro level, due to an increase in the percentage of elderly in the population over the next decade, there will also be an increase in the share of health care costs.

Selecting the most suitable green supplier is one of the main issues for companies. In this paper, an interval-valued hesitant fuzzy ranking method is proposed to rank the green suppliers candidates under conflicted criteria. Hence, the weight of each expert is obtained by extended entropy method based on interval-valued hesitant fuzzy set (IVHFS) approach. In addition, the criteria weights are determined based on preference judgments of experts and the effect of experts' weights. Considering the IVHFS allows the experts to determine some interval-values membership degrees for each green supplier under a set and also applying the criteria and experts weights could lead to a precise approach. Finally, an illustrative example of the green supplier selection is provided to show the validity and applicability of the proposed method.

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1Objectives The study aimed at performing a comparative analysis of the aging population in European and Asian countries during 1950 and 2015.Methods & Materials This study has been conducted through a secondary analysis, and the data for 90 European and Asian countries were derived from the UN Population division. The used statistical method was history of survival analysis. The statistical package of Stata was used to perform statistical analyses of non-parametric methods of estimation of Kaplan-Meier and Nelson -Ellen's survival function, and Cox's semi-parametric proportional hazard model. Results The study estimates showed that total fertility rates and life expectancy in both Europe and Asia were convergent in nature. The probability of occurrence of aging has a negative relationship with total fertility rate and a positive relationship with life expectancy. Estimation of survival function and cumulative hazard function for the two study areas in 2015 indicated that probability of occurrence of aging was significantly different. Survival function of aging was close to zero for European countries. This means that most European countries have entered the aging process while the likely to survive an accident for Asian countries was more than 0.75. Conclusion According to the results, during 1950 to 2015, the percentages of aging populations in all regions of the European continent was dramatically higher than that of the Asian countries. In recent decades, although there has been a rapid fall in fertility rate and increased life expectancy among the less developed Asian countries, the process of population aging has increased. This index in Asian countries is believed to outpace the European countries by 2050. A B S T R A C T Objectivesurrently, due to changes introduced in the age structure of the population in many countries, it seems necessary to investigate the population aging phenomenon in order for planners to pay more attention to the trend as well as the positive and C negative consequences of aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review and compare the process of population aging in European and Asian countries during 1950 to 2015. This study is significant as it involves the comparison of the aging process in Europe and Asia while recognizing the change in age structure among the countries of these continents. This study also evaluates the time of arrival and the time spent at different stages of demographic transition from youth to old age. Also, considering that demographic tran-31 Spring 2017. Vol 12. Num 1 sition in Europe has started earlier than most Asian countries, achieving a clear vision about the future of the aging population in Asian countries is important, which is based on the experience gained from the process of demographic transition and aging population in the European countries. Methods & MaterialsThis study is a secondary analysis, and the study data have been obtained from the data set related to the Unit- ResultsEstimates regarding the aging process in two contine...