The current study significantly contributes to the knowledge of the genetic proneness to obesity in Pakistani females and could also be helpful for forthcoming meta-analysis studies.

Summary Previously, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs9939609, in the FTO gene showed a much stronger association with all-cause mortality than expected from its association with body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI) and waist circumference (WC). This finding implies that the SNP has strong pleiotropic effects on adiposity and adiposity-independent pathological pathways that leads to increased mortality. To investigate this further, we conducted a meta-analysis of similar data from 34 longitudinal studies including 169,551 adult Caucasians among whom 27,100 died during follow-up. Linear regression showed that the minor allele of the FTO SNP was associated with greater BMI (n = 169,551; 0.32 kg m−2; 95% CI 0.28–0.32, P < 1 × 10−32), WC (n = 152,631; 0.76 cm; 0.68–0.84, P < 1 × 10−32) and FMI (n = 48,192; 0.17 kg m−2; 0.13–0.22, P = 1.0 × 10−13). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses for mortality showed that the hazards ratio (HR) for the minor allele of the FTO SNPs was 1.02 (1.00–1.04, P = 0.097), but the apparent excess risk was eliminated after adjustment for BMI and WC (HR: 1.00; 0.98–1.03, P = 0.662) and for FMI (HR: 1.00; 0.96–1.04, P = 0.932). In conclusion, this study does not support that the FTO SNP is associated with all-cause mortality independently of the adiposity phenotypes.

provides geographical, political and economic perspectives of the Chinese economy from 1960 to the current time period. This book helps to understand how various stakeholders' interests aligned with China are maximized and safeguarded by the central government. This book narrates the ways in which the Chinese government replaced its old politics when China was facing negative indicators and it also tells us what enabled the Chinese economy to achieve double digit economic growth. The purpose of the review is to tell the readers about the author's point of view on the Chinese economy.The book's first edition was published in 2016. The author of the book is a well-renowned journalist and an economic analyst having 15 years of research experience on China, Taiwan and India. Based in Beijing since 2002, he is currently employed as the Managing Director of GaveKal Dragonomics; an independent research firm and also performs his duties as an editor of China Economic Quarterly Journal. Mr Arthur is also a Nonresident Senior at the institute of Brooking-Tsinghua Center. With a vast experience in the field of academics and research, the author is a regular contributor to well-known journals and economics magazines such as Foreign Policy, Economist, Far Eastern Economic Review, Fortune and Wired, Financial Times, Wall Street Journal and Washington Post.Consisting of thirteen chapters, this book explains a number of multifarious elements relating to the Chinese economy that worked to revolutionize China. A detailed account of all these factors has been examined that changed China's policy paradigm from communist era policies toward a more open market paradigm. Chapter 1 is based on the Chinese political setup and how decision-making is done at central and provincial levels. Chapter 2 focuses on agriculture, land and the rural economy, as government objective was to ensure a large food supply. Chapter 3 tells the readers about the shifts in trade policies and how their implementations led the Chinese economy to grow. Chapter 4 explains the migration polices

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Background:Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection had been criticized for many deleterious effects and had been amalgamated to iron deficiency by many authors, frequently based on correlative rather than direct relationship studies and often opposed by others. Objective: To evaluate the role of H. pylori infection in the etiology of iron deficiency anemia and to study the impact of the bacterial eradication on the response to iron therapy. Methods:The current study represents an interventional prospective study and involved 52 non-pregnant females with iron deficiency anemia. All patients were tested for the presence of active H. pylori infection by stool antigen test and they followed after one month of iron therapy. Patients with positive H. pylori infection followed for another month after eradication of H. pylori and iron therapy. Results: Fifteen patients (28.85%) were positive for H. pylori. Hematological and biochemical data were not different among both groups (H. pylori positive and negative) at presentation despite significant better response among H. pylori negative individuals. Continuation of iron therapy after eradication of H. pylori infection improve the response to therapy significantly. Conclusion: Eradication of H. pylori enhances the response to iron therapy significantly. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, H. pylori, iron therapy, eradication Citation: Eissa AA, Mirza SS. The relevance of Helicobacter pylori Infection to iron deficiency anemia in Duhok City. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 33-38. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.5