The stable isotopes of 2 H, 18 O, and 3 H reinforced by hydrochemical data, were used to identify the interaction between groundwater and Shatt Al-Diwaniya water and estimate the age of groundwater in the research area. For achieving these two goals, twenty-two samples of water were collected at the suggested area through a sampling campaign for twelve shallow wells, three from Shatt Al-Diwaniya, six rainfall samples, and one sample of sewer water. Three additional samples were collected for comparison from outside of the study area. The results of stable isotopes and hydrochemical composition indicated that there is a similarity between shallow groundwater samples and Shatt Al-Diwaniya water. The surface water interacts with groundwater for all boreholes, except for the borehole in the Al-Jameih District (WR2), which showed similar results spring water as comparing with SW1 and SW2 spring water samples. The isotopic composition of Shatt Al-Diwaniya (2 H and 18 O) is close to the local, and meteoric global water line, this indicates that the rainfall makes a significant contribution to the water of Shatt-Aldiwaniya. There is a convergence with the values of isotopes of wastewater and groundwater, which indicates that the formation of shallow groundwater is a mixture of Shatt Al-Diwaniya water and the recharge (wastewater and rainfall). The results of 3 H concentration remaining in shallow groundwater showed that the age of the groundwater ranges from1.8 to 6.3 years, this indicates that recharge of shallow groundwater is modern.
Al-Diwaniya city suffers from shallow groundwater levels, which cause serious problems on the foundation of builds in the area and affect the general health of citizens in residential areas. For investigating this problem, four different paths perpendicular to Shatt Al- Diwaniya were selected, along 11 hand-dug wells in the city to observe groundwater levels during a whole year (2019-2020). The work included observation boreholes water levels and comparing results with water levels in the Shatt al-Diwaniya. Along each of the four selected paths (A, B, C, and D), two boreholes are observed on each side of the Shatt al-Diwaniya. Depths of boreholes are from 6 to 12 m. All boreholes paths that represent shallow groundwater within residential districts. The water level of Shatt Al-Diwaniya and groundwater levels is monitored twice-per-month, especially over high and low water conditions within Shatt Al-Diwaniya. Hydrometric results showed a relationship between shallow groundwater and Shatt Al-Diwaniya levels in track A. The nature of this interaction along with the track A due to many local factors such as depth of water in Shatt Al-Diwaniya, amount of rainfall, factors of high water levels, conditions and climatic changes, soil factors and the current state of the deterioration of the sewage network in Diwaniya city. Finally, the results of the rest tracks indicated that the city is flooded with shallow groundwater due to the large sewage leakage in addition to the rainwater and that Shatt Al-Diwaniya does not affect groundwater in the area. Still, it works discharge groundwater in the city.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.