ABSTRACT:The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of waste dumps on the groundwater in Choba using resistivity sounding method and laboratory water sample analysis. An ABEM SAS 1000 terrameter was used to acquire data in two locations namely; at the dumpsite and at University Demonstration Secondary School adjudged to be free from dumps which served as a control. The result of the survey interpreted by 1P12 win and offix softwares shows two characteristic curve types: -Type A curve at the dumpsite and Type H curve at the University Demonstration Secondary School. The result further indicates that the first two layers at the dumpsite has resistivities of 59.91 and 20.10 ohm.m respectively and at the Demonstration Secondary school as 173.00 and 512.00 ohm.m respectively, showing that the groundwater at the dumpsite is polluted because of the high conductivity . This was confirmed by the laboratory water sample analysis from the environ. However, fresh uncontaminated water is got below 23m deep at the two sites. Niger Delta has multi aquifer systems, therefore geophysical survey is essential to locate at least the depth to the third aquifer which hopefully will give portable drinking water free of contamination.
ABSRACT: Electromagnetic profiling method was used in Echara Unuhu, within the Abakaliki Urban, to map the bedrock topography which also aids us to determine the position of the deepest fractured shale where a productive borehole will be constructed The area under study is within the Abakaliki Shales Geologic Formation. The rocks are packages of thinly layered olive green to dark gray blush black shale, which are frequently calcareous, subordinate fine-grained micaceous sandstone; micaceous siltstone, sandy shales and shelly limestone. Two-man portable Geonics EM 34-3 electromagnetic equipment was used in the profiling normal to the strike. The results show that typical conductivity value of the shallow bedrock (1.51-2.0m) lies between 22.1-53.7 mmho/m while conductivity values from 269-786mmohm/m indicate thicker/deeper (25-30m) fractures with higher moisture contents. Mapping of bedrock topography at Echara Unuhu enabled us to locate a point which on drilling produces good water yield; this technique is recommended for use in formations with similar characteristics @ JASEM
This paper seeks to determine the siltation level of the Lugu dam reservoir, Sokoto State, Nigeria, using the bathymetric survey method. A total of eleven (11) ground control points were established over the study area using Hi-Target Global Navigation Satellite (GNS) Real-time Kinematic (RTK) System. The base station was set- up over the reference Bench Mark while the Rover station was moved around to predetermine locations of the ground control points. The depths to the Lugu dam reservoir bed, as well as its underwater topographic mapping with a section of the River Rima on the right flank of the reservoir area, across the collapsed spillway were conducted using Garmin Global Positioning System Map. This was mounted on a nine feet fibre boat to enhance the echo sounding. The result of the study was used to produce a digital elevation model, topographic contours and the area-elevation-capacity curve for the reservoir. This indicates that between elevations 260.5 m and 262 m, the available minimum and maximum designed storage capacities of Lugu dam reservoir ranges from 21.24 MCM and 34.25 MCM respectively. The Lugu dam reservoir maximum storage capacity at breached level stands at 25 MCM, while its active storage capacity is 20 MCM. This is to conclude that the amount of siltation at the reservoir is 9.25 MCM representing 27.01% indicating the difference between the maximum designed capacity and the current storage capacity. It is recommended that dredging be carried out to regain the initial designed storage capacity as this will no doubt put an end to the incessant flooding and erosion experienced in the area.
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