Introduction: Exposure to pathogens is a serious issue for nurses. The literature explains that standard precautions have not been taken consistently in nursing. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors affecting the compliance of nurses in Myanmar in taking standard precautions. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Samples included 34 nurses in Waibagi Specialist Hospital (SHW), Myanmar. The independent variables were the characteristics of nurses, knowledge of standard precaution, and exposure to blood/body fluids and needle puncture wounds. The dependent variable was the performance of standard prevention. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that almost respondents (91.18%) had a good knowledge of prevention standards and 73.5% of respondents had good adherence in taking standard precautions. However, in practice, nurses have not been consistent in closing the needles that have been used correctly. The results showed that nurse characteristics did not significantly affect adherence to standard precautions with statistical test results as follows: age (p = 0.97), gender (p = 1.00), religion (p = 0.72), education (p = 0.85), work experience at SHW (p = 0. 84), education training program (p = 0.71), knowledge (p = 0.76), and needle stick injury (p = 0,17). But, there was a significant influence between adherence to standard precautions and the incidence of injury due to needle puncture with p-value = 0.01. Discussion: The barriers to applying standard precautions by Myanmar nurses can be reduced by providing basic training, supervision, and improvement of standard operational procedures.
Background: Family planning is achieved by using contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. In Myanmar, although the contraceptive prevalence rate is increasing, it still needs to reach 60% in family planning 2020 commitment. This review is aimed to explore the determinants that can improve or inhibit contraceptive usage among Myanmar women. Methods: 88 articles are found through searching in PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and ProQuest. Nine articles which meet inclusion and exclusion criteria are selected. Results: Four main themes emerged. These are socio-demographic factors (age, level of education, marital duration, number of living children, religion, occupation, income), cognitive factors (knowledge), affective factors (attitude and motivation including support from health care providers, family, friend as well as husband and health education) and availability of service (distance form health care place, service available for 24 hours, cost). Conclusion: The findings will be supported to information about the needs and gaps in implementing family planning. It is recommended that knowledge on determinants of family planning is helpful to improve family planning program in both urban and rural communities.
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