There are nine symptoms listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSMIV) [11] for depressive disorder namely, sleep disturbance, interest/pleasure reduction, guilt feelings or thoughts of worthlessness, energy changes/fatigue, concentration/attention impairment, appetite/weight changes, psychomotor disturbances, suicidal thoughts and depressed mood. For diagnosis of major depression, five of the nine must be present for at least two weeks and one of those five must be loss of interest or pleasure or depressed mood [4].

Objectives: Poor subjective sleep quality in primary care has not been widely studied in Nigeria; hence this study was aimed to evaluate the subjective sleep quality and to find the association with blood pressure, depression and body mass index.Methodology: Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was administered. Good sleep quality was defined as PSQI less than 5. The level of depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9). Results:The sample consisted of 400 subjects in the age group 18-70years. The overall mean age did 48.0 + 13.2 years, with the age group 41-50years constitute 29.5% of the studied subjects. Whilst 240 (60%) had normal blood pressure, 29(7.5%) had stage 1 and 43 (10.8%) had stage 2 hypertension. One hundred and thirty eight (34.5%) had normal weight, while 108 (27.0%) were obese. Overall sleep quality was very good, fairly good, fairly bad, and very bad in, 30.8%, 33.2%, 19.5%, and 16.5% of the respondents respectively. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 44.0%. There was strong statistical association between poor sleep quality, blood pressure (p-value 0.002), depression (p-value 0.000) and body mass index (p-value 0.05). Conclusion:A substantial proportion of the subjects had poor sleep quality associated with high blood pressure, increased body mass index and depression.

Objectives:To determine the correlation between prostate volume estimated by digital rectal examination (DRE) and that estimated by abdominal ultrasound in the same patients.Patients and Methods:Men who presented to our urology outpatient clinic with lower urinary tract symptoms were recruited in this study. We estimated the prostate size by digital rectal examination using the sliding scale as a guide and subsequently measured the prostate volume by transabdominal ultrasound.Results:A total of 100 patients completed this study. The mean age was 65.6 ± 9.84 years. The Kappa's reliability test comparing the prostate size estimated by DRE and the prostate size measured by transabdominal ultrasound was 0.579832, the Kappa's standard error was 0.097768 and Kappa's t value was 5.93. The Kappa's reliability test fell into good agreement range (0.4–0.75). This is further validated by the Pearson's correlation test ascertaining correlation between Ultrasound and DRE and generated a correlation coefficient® of 0.59 (P = 0.00). This implies a high positive correlation between ultrasound estimated prostate volume and that estimated by DRE that is statistically significant (P < 0.01).Conclusion:Estimation of prostate volume by digital rectal examination is reliable. This is very important in an environment where esoteric laboratory facilities are not readily available, and the clinician has to depend mainly on his clinical acumen.

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