INTRODUCTIONThe course of acute pancreatitis ranges from a mild transitory edematous to a severe necrotizing form. Necrotizing pancreatitis occurs in about 20% of all patients suffering from acute pancreatitis [1] . If infection of the necrotic tissue occurs mortality rates of up to 50% are reported with sepsis and multiorgan failure as most frequent causes [2][3][4][5] . It is generally accepted that in infected necrotizing pancreatitis the infected non-vital solid tissue has to be removed in order to control the sepsis. The standard treatment has traditionally been surgery [5,6] . By using modern surgical techniques like open packing, repeated laparatomies, closed packing or closed continuous lavage mortality rates could be decreased to 20%-40% [7][8][9][10][11][12] . However, these techniques are associated with a considerable surgical trauma which often causes escalation of multiorgan failure and sepsis [7,13] . Moreover, total anaesthesia is mandatory. Thus, in the last decade minimal invasive treatment regimes and in particular percutaneous drainage therapy were included in the management of infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT) guided placement of drainages is reported to be effective in up to 90% for drainage of fluid collections or abscesses with purely liquid content [14] . However, the success rates Abstract AIM: To assess the outcome of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis treated by percutaneous drainage with special focus on the influence of drainage size and number.
Macrolides are potent inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Drug interactions between P-glycoprotein inhibitors and substrates are likely to occur during hospitalisation.
Ultrasound studies are deemed sufficient in a large proportion of patients and help to avoid other, more elaborate imaging studies. However, more focused indications for studies may help to improve cost-effectiveness.
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected individuals, is generally treated with high doses of co-trimoxazole. However, treatment is often limited by adverse effects. Here, we report two cases of severely immunocompromised HIV-infected patients who developed severe intrahepatic cholestasis, and in one patient lesions mimicking liver abscess formation on radiologic exams, during co-trimoxazole treatment for PCP. Whereas patient 1 showed lesions of up to 1 cm readily detectable on magnetic resonance imaging under prolonged co-trimoxazole treatment, therapy of patient 2 was switched early.
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