A safe and effective red blood cell (RBC) substitute would have broad implications in the practice of emergency medicine, trauma management, surgery, and several other areas of medicine. Several hemoglobin-based RBC substitutes have been developed that can deliver oxygen to peripheral tissues. However, although these RBC substitutes have desirable biophysical properties, their in vivo efficacy is limited by their significant toxicity. In view of the very high doses of blood substitute that are likely to be used clinically, toxicity as well as other safety issues that include hemostasis and thrombosis are critical considerations for the development and ultimate application of RBC surrogates.Recent work conducted in our laboratories has demonstrated that administration of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) in rats was efficacious. Also our results have demonstrated that the replacement of more conventional lipids with the stericalfy-stabiIizing lipid polyethyleneglycol distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine in the LEH results in a significant decrease in LEH immunotoxicity, as measured by host resistance to infectious insult.
Liposomes are microscopic vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers surrounding discrete aqueous compartment Eventhough phospholipid bilayers are formed spontaneously in water, their conventional preparation methods involve either organic solvents or detergent molecules, Organic solvents may create a serious safety problem during liposome manufacturing especially on a large scale and can cause denaturation of proteins and affect the membrane properties. Liposomes are very promising carriers for protein drugs which have aroused great interests in the field of pharmaceutics in these recent years,The objective of this study was to develop a new dispersion process to prepare Iiposomes without the usage of organic solvents and detergents, The approach involved the usage of a microfludizer for the extrusion and homogenization of aqueous dispersion of phospholipids, and a modified evaporator in order to increase lipid thin film surface area, The properties of the liposomes prepared by the novel method were superior to the liposomes prepared by conventional methods,
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