The experimental studies presented in this paper attempt to supply a reasonable comprehensive explanation for the key feature of the collapse bubble and the complex nature of the raised free surface. Six distinctive patterns of free surface motion were identified for bubbles initiated at different γf (the non-dimensional bubble-free surface distance scaled with the maximum bubble radius). Special features such as “breaking wrinkles,” “spraying water film,” and other unstable phenomena were observed with free surface motions, which were hardly captured by a boundary integral scheme. Parameters defining the shape of the free surface, such as the spike height Hspike, the spike width Wbase, and the skirt height Hspray, are measured and analyzed against γf. Different voltages were used to generate bubbles with varies sizes, while the bubble and free surface motion patterns appeared to be largely independent of the bubble size. Finally, collapsing bubble shape, centroid migration, period of bubble oscillation, and jet tip velocity at different γf are investigated and noticeable variation trends are found.
Experiments on the pulsation of the high-voltage electrical-spark bubbles near different boundaries are conducted by means of high-speed photography. Some intriguing details are observed clearly, such as the formation of the jet (especially the contact jet formed when a bubble is quite close to the rigid boundary) and bubble splitting. The variation of the maximum radius of the bubble, bubble period, jet tip velocity, and bubble center migration is investigated with the presence of different boundaries. In the study of the bubble period, two fitting curves are obtained from the data by the author and previous references; one is for the bubble generated beneath the free surface and the other is for the bubble generated above the rigid boundary. In the study of the maximum jet tip velocity, a possible trend line is proposed to describe the variation of the jet tip velocity with γb (the non-dimensional standoff distance from the bubble center to the rigid boundary). Finally, the critical value of γb is studied, at which the migration of the bubble center is inverted.
A three-dimensional (3-D) parametric model of Tesla-type valves is proposed. A geometrical relationship is derived for optimization study, and based on the model, performance investigations in terms of diodicity and pressure-flow rate characteristics of the valve are numerically carried out with same hydraulic diameter and different aspect ratios (of the model cross-sectional dimensions) ranging from 0.5 to 4. The 3-D computational simulations show that, for the same hydraulic diameter, the unity aspect ratio gives higher diodicity at Reynolds number less than 500 and higher will be achieved with bigger aspect ratio when the Reynolds number is above 500. Investigations of pressure-flow rate characteristics of the Tesla valve show that Tesla valve with high aspect ratio gives more flow control ability.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.