Decommissioned oil and gas wells that pose a danger to the environment due to emissions of methane, which is a powerful greenhouse gas and one of the man-made factors that weaken the stability of the planet in the context of global climate change. The prospects of using resistant plants common in natural phytocenoses to the influence of oil contaminants in phytoremediation practice are analyzed. The bioindication suitability of oil-sensitive plant species, which are recommended for use in monitoring studies of the quality of technogenic-transformed environment, is revealed. The choice of equipment for the restoration of abandoned wells has been made.
We have offered the investigations aimed at the design of eco-efficient technologies during oil and gas producing sites life cycle. The authors have conducted the analysis of conditions causing environmentally hazardous situations at oil and gas producing sites. We have established the necessity of quick maintenance of operation during emergencies that makes it possible to reduce material costs and environmental pollution. The increase of environmental safety in the process of winding up oil and gas wells emergencies that took place as a result of catching drilling string or some other pipe is crucial. We have analyzed different ways and various structural designs of the devices for pipe unscrewing from caught strings. We have established the ways of negative environmental impact reduction in the winding up emergencies at operating as well at stack oil and gas rigs. The recommendations regarding the structural design of the device are given. The device design is patented and the prototype model of the device is designed and manufactured. The device functions as the transformer of clockwise drilling string rotation into anticlockwise rotation of fishing tools. We have highlighted the positive effects after the implementation of the given device. We have noted the importance of innovative technologies design as well as the importance of forming adequate response skills during emergencies when wellsites are being constructed. The technical solutions and recommendations we have introduced make it possible to prevent negative environmental impact and reduce resource flows at different stages of wellsite life cycle.
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