Metrological support for the process of molecular genetic identification is proposed. An establishment of a nucleotide sequence is the main objective of the DNA/RNA analysis. Such nucleotide sequence provides key information about the role and function of nucleic acids in living systems, as well as the origin of biological objects during molecular genetic identification. The molecular genetic identification is based on the modern methods of studying DNA sequences, which are inherited by the living organisms from generation to generation. In some cases, comparison of DNA sequences is required to establish the authenticity of biological objects, as well as determine biological affiliation or kinship with other biological objects. The problems of metrological support of molecular genetic identification by Sanger DNA sequencing using fluorescent-labeled reaction terminators and capillary electrophoresis are considered. Methods and means of metrological support of the DNA/RNA analysis were developed, which include the determination of a nucleotide as a nucleic acid monomer, the use of a nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids used in certified methods and procedures, the use of a genetic analyzer as a measurement tool along with related auxiliary equipment, as well as the use of a standard sample of a fragment of human mitochondrial DNA has been developed and approved. A Nanofor 05 domestic genome analyzer was tested. The following two procedures were developed and certified: for measuring the nucleotide sequence of the section of the control region of mitochondrial DNA of fish (sturgeon and paddlefish families) by Sanger sequencing, and for measuring the nucleotide sequence of the 5' region of the COI gene of the mitochondrial DNA of aquatic biological resources by Sanger sequencing. Both measurement procedures are based on the use of fluorescent-labeled reaction terminators and capillary electrophoresis. The results are important for use in the DNA studies in the field of biological sciences, food industry, biotechnology, and DNA forensics.
Metrological support for the process of molecular genetic identification is provided. An establishment of a nucleotide sequence is the general aim in nucleic acids analysis. A nucleotide sequence of DNA/RNA is the key information which gives an idea of the role and functioning of nucleic acids in living systems, as well as it allows establishing the origin of biological objects during molecular genetic identification. The molecular genetic identification is based on modern methods of research in the sequencing of DNA, which is inherited from generation to next generation of living organisms. DNA sequence comparison in some cases is mandatory to establish the authenticity of biological objects and to determine biological affiliation or kinship with other biological objects. The problems of metrological support of molecular genetic identification by Sanger DNA sequencing using fluorescently labeled reaction terminators and the use of capillary electrophoresis on the example of fish identification are considered. Metrological support of the process includes the use of such definitions as a nucleotide (the nucleic acid monomer), a sequence of nucleotides of nucleic acids. Also, it involves the procedures used in certified methods, a standard sample of a known DNA sequence of an approved type, and a genetic analyzer.Standard Reference Materials of a fragment of human mitochondrial DNA was developed, approved, entered into the Federal registry. The tests of the domestic genetic analyzer Nanophore 05 were carried out. Two measurement procedures “The measurement methodology the partial nucleotide sequence of the control region of mitochondrial DNA of fish (families Acipenseridae and Polyodontidae) by Sanger sequencing with fluorescently-labeled terminators and using capillary electrophoresis” and “The measurement methodology the nucleotide sequence of the 5’ region of the mitochondrial COI gene of water biological resources by Sanger sequencing with fluorescently-labeled terminators and using capillary electrophoresis” were tested and certified. The results are relevant to research in biological sciences, the food industry, biotechnology, and DNA forensics.
The purpose of the work is to analyze the possibilities of implementing the principles of closed-loop economics in the fisheries industry of the Russian Federation, including for achieving national goals.Methods: A SWOT analysis was carried out to assess the waste management situation in the specified industry and to identify the prerequisites for the introduction of the principles of the closed-cycle economy. Monographic, comparative and descriptive methods are used for analyzing of information sources.Novelty: the identification of opportunities and threats for the formation of closed cycles of circulation of raw materials and waste in fisheries systems are the novelty elements of the presented research.Results: the necessity of transition from a linear economy to a closed-loop economy in the analyzed industry in the light of achieving the national goals of the Russian Federation is revealed, the necessary steps for this are shown. The conclusion is made about the significance of such a transition for the Russian Federation.The results of the study are of practical significance both for biologists, managers, economists, and for the business community.
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