The research for peripheral biological markers of schizophrenia, although abundant, has been unfruitful. In the last 2 decades, the S100B protein has made its own room in this area of research. S100B is a calcium-binding protein that has been proposed as a marker of astrocyte activation and brain dysfunction. Research results on S100B concentrations and schizophrenia clinical diagnosis are very consistent; patients with schizophrenia have higher S100B concentrations than healthy controls. The results regarding schizophrenia subtypes and clinical characteristics are not as conclusive. Age of patients, body mass index, illness duration and age at onset have been found to show no correlation, a positive correlation or a negative correlation with S100B levels. With respect to psychopathology, S100B data are inconclusive. Positive, negative and absence of correlation between S100B concentrations and positive and negative psychopathology have been reported. Methodological biases, such as day/night and seasonal variations, the use of anticoagulants to treat biological samples, the type of analytical technique to measure S100B and the different psychopathological scales to measure schizophrenia symptoms, are some of the factors that should be taken into account when researching into this area in order to reduce the variability of the reported results. The clinical implications of S100B changes in schizophrenia remain to be elucidated.
Introduction: Circadianity is a characteristic of several human biological variables, such as testosterone, melatonin and cortisol. There is little information whether or not S100B serum protein presents a circadian rhythm. Material and methods: 44 healthy subjects (24 female and 20 male, age 39.7 ± 9.4) participated in the study. Blood was sampled in July at 09:00, 12:00 and 24:00 h. Blood was centrifuged and serum was aliquot in Eppendorf tubes and frozen at-70º C. Serum S100B was measured by ELISA. Results: Serum S100B concentrations at 09:00 (56.3 ± 18.1 pg/ml), 12:00 (53.8 ± 23.1 pg/ml) and 24:00 h. (55.3 ± 20.3 pg/ml) were not significantly different. Conclusions: Our results point to the absence of a circadian rhythm of S100B serum protein concentrations. The lack of the disadvantage may allow researchers on this area to sample subjects at any time of the day.
Introduction: S100B protein is an astroglial protein that can be measured in peripheral tissues such as blood, urine or saliva. S100B serum concentrations have been proposed as a maker of brain dysfunction. Body Mass Index (BMI) has been reported as a confounding variable in S100B measures. Material and methods: 44 healthy subjects (24 female and 20 male, age 39.7 ± 9.4) participated in the study. Blood was sampled in July at 09:00, 12:00 and 24:00 h. Blood was centrifuged and serum was aliquot in Eppendorf tubes and frozen at-70º C. Serum S100B was measured by ELISA. S100B serum data are reported as pg/ml. Results: There were no significant correlations between BMI and any of the three S100B measures (09:00 h. r=0.150, p=0.339, 12:00 h. r=0.041, p=0.794, 24:00 h. r=0.192, p=0.223). Conclusions: Our results point to the fact that there are no relationships between BMI and S100B serum concentrations in healthy adult subjects.
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