This study suggests that ESD might be a feasible treatment technique for small rectal carcinoid tumors. It showed superior efficacy and comparable safety to EMR.

In the case of pathologically negative findings at EMR, tumors might have been small enough to have been removed by the previous forceps biopsy. However, the possibility of sampling error or of a different location should be considered. Furthermore, appropriate communication between endoscopists and pathologists is essential.