Introduction: Dye is used for the artificial colouration of a substance to facilitate its examination by the use of the coloured organic molecule, a process called staining. Over the past many years, it has been observed that synthetic dyes have many disadvantages associated with them like toxicity and allergenicity. This study aimed to determine the staining effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts of various concentration, various pH and duration in bacteria staining compared with Gram’s staining. Methods: Standard Gram stains as control and both Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts (alcohol and boiled water) were used to stain inflammatory appendix tissue and lung tissue inoculated with bacteria using various concentration (5% and 10%), at various duration (30 seconds and 1 hour) and with change of pH, achieved by treating the extracts with ammonium hydroxide and glacial acetic acid. Each was used as a counterstain in bacterial stain (to replace Safranin/Neutral red) Safranin/Neutral red. Results: All extracts after treatment were acidic but the change of pH was indirectly proportional to the staining ability of the extracts. The Hibiscus solutions gave the background, a brown colouration. And inflammatory cells were demonstrated better than the bacteria with aqueous Hibiscus solution strongly when compared with the alcoholic Hibiscus solution. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that Hibiscus solution has the potential for use in diagnostic bacteriology in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section.
Introduction: Fungal infection is a common manifestation in this part of the country and worldwide. It is essential to define the epidemiology of fungal infection in a particular environment. Aim: This study aims to analyze the diagnosis of fungal infection carried out in patients attending the histopathology department (UDUTH) Sokoto from 2014 to 2018. Method: This study is a retrospective study of all fungal infection biopsies carried out from 2014 – 2019 in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria, a referral centre for the neighbouring northern states Kebbi and Zamfara. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of UDUTH, data was collected from histological report cards and analyze manually. Some tissue blocks of the case were retrieved to confirm the diagnosis. A total of 66 requests for fungal diagnosis were received from January 2014 to December 2018, which represent about 0.7% of the total biopsies received over the study period. Result: Out of the 66 of request for fungal diagnosis 32(48.5%) were fungal positive. Subcutaneous mycosis was the most frequent fungal infection with a frequency of 18(56.25%). Males were more frequently affected than females with the frequencies of 18(56.25%) and 14 (43.75%) respectively.
Introduction: Histological stains are biological dyes which colour tissue in order to aid optical differentiation of tissue component. Dyes are coloured substance which impact colour for material such as textile, cosmetic, food, drugs, rubber plastics, hair, fur and tissues. There are two types of dyes namely; natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Allium cepa is an imperative, evergreen plant, which belongs to the family Amaryllidaceace commonly called bulb onion. Aim: This research work aimed at evaluating the staining capability of onion extract as counter stain when haematoxylin was used as primary stain. Methods: Tissue blocks sections of liver and kidney organs were made from the Wistar rat. Serial sections labelled A to M were made from each block and stained with Harris haematoxylin. Section A was counterstained with eosin, as control. Different preparations of extracts of the onion skin were used to counter stain sections of kidney and liver tissues. Group B to Mwere kidney and liver tissues stained as follows: B, E, H and K (5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with ferric chloride, 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with potassium aluminium alum, and 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract without mordant, for 10 and 20 minutes). C, D, F, G, I, J, L and M (5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with ferric chloride, 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract with potassium aluminium alum and 5% aqueous and ethanolic extract without mordant for 10 and 20 minutes). Results: The skin extract of Allium cepa stained the cytoplasm of cells and connective tissues in shades of reddish brown to yellowish brown. The study established the cytoplasmic counter-staining ability of the extract of Allium cepa. Conclusion: It is therefore suggested that onion skin extract solution can be substituted for eosin due to its domestic availability, ease of preparation and above all, its good cytoplasm contrast with the nuclear stain.
Introduction: Hibiscus sabdariifa is a natural dye, generally called roselle. Most of Synthetic dye have been established to cause toxicity. The aim of this research was to determine the staining effect of different concentration of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts at various pH, duration on fungal staining. Methods: Standard Gomori’s metenaine silver stains as control and Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts (alcoholic and aqueous) were used to stain a fungal (Aspergillus spp) positive lung tissue, using various concentration (5% and 10%) of the extract, with change of pH achieved by treating the extracts with ammonium hydroxide and glacial acetic acid at various duration (30 seconds and 1 hour respectively), each was used for staining Aspergillus spp in tissue section as a primary stain replacing (4% Chromic acid, sodium metabisulphite, Hexamine working silver solution and Sodium thiosulphate). Results: All extracts after treatment were acidic, the fungi were best demonstrated with Aqueous hibiscus stains (5% untreated, 10% untreated and 5% glacial acetic acid treated) at longer duration, staining the capsule, light to dark-brown in a light-green background when compared with the alcoholic hibiscus stain. Few of the alcoholic hibiscus stains show metachromatic property. The Hibiscus stains stained better at longer duration and the change of pH was indirectly proportional to the staining ability of the hibiscus stains. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that hibiscus plant extract have the potential for use in the morphological identification of fungi in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section.
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