Copper(II) were immobilised onto medical titanium surface by polydopamine (PDA) chelating, to build intrinsic antibacterial implant materials for inhibition of implant infection. A scanning electrical microscope showed that the modified titanium surface morphology was a porous nanostructure. An energy dispersive spectrometer showed the existence of Cu, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results further confirmed that the immobilised copper element was in the form of Cu(II). Bacteria plate colony counting results showed that modified titanium surface had decent antibacterial property, matching the ion release outcomes. It could be conclude that the PDA assisted Cu(II) immobilisation was an efficient and effective method for antibacterial modification of titanium.

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We present a partition of unity-enriched element-free Galerkin method for thermoelastic twodimensional crack problems. Therefore, the displacement field is enriched by the step enrichment. In the vicinity of the crack tip, the asymptotic branch enrichment functions commonly used in linear elastic fracture mechanics are employed. The same enrichment strategy is employed for the temperature field. Level set functions are used in order to model the crack surface. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated for three examples, one involves the crack propagation due to temperature and mixed traction-temperature loading conditions with complex curved crack paths.

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