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best tool available for the psychometric assessment of restrained eating. 9 Psychometrically defined restrained Restrained eating is eaters consume less energy, take fewer meals and show higher preference for low calorie foods than unreassociated with low leptin strained eaters. 10 Restrained eaters have a lower energy expenditure than unrestrained females of comparable levels in underweight lean body mass. 11 Ovarial dysfunction occurs more frequently in restrained female eaters. 12 Dietary restraint females was associated with weight gain in women but not in men in a prospective study of a total of 287 adults fol

OBJECTIVE: The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor is presumed to be involved in the regulation of food intake. DESIGN: To investigate the possible role of this receptor in weight regulation, the whole coding region of the NPY Y5 receptor gene was screened for mutations using temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). Detected mutations were screened in extended cohorts. STUDY COHORTS AND METHODS: Cohorts of 87 extremely obese children and adolescents, 15 underweight subjects and 25 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) were initially screened by TGGE. Extended samples of these cohorts (160 obese children and adolescents; mean body mass index (BMI) 33.5 AE 6.4 kgam 2 , 128 underweight subjects; mean BMI 18.4 AE 1.0 kgam 2 and 58 patients with AN; mean BMI 14.6 AE 1.7 kgam 2 ) were screened to determine the frequencies of a detected mutation and a detected polymorphism in the NPY Y5 receptor gene. In addition, a previously described polymorphism in the ®rst intron of the NPY Y1 receptor gene was analysed. RESULTS: The coding region of the NPY Y5 receptor gene encompasses one exon. A single mutation, which results in a non-conservative amino acid substitution in the ®rst extracellular domain of the receptor (Glu-4-Ala), and one silent polymorphism (Gly-426-Gly-Gly) at nucleotide position 1278 (G?A) were detected by TGGE. Both tests for association and linkage to the NPY Y1 and NPY Y5 receptor polymorphisms were negative among all cohorts. The Glu-4-Ala mutation was found only in a single patient with AN and her mother. CONCLUSION: The results do not support a major role of the NPY Y5 receptor gene in the variability of body weight in children and adolescents.