Aims: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to explore the association of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) with the risk of bleeding in liver cirrhosis. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases were searched for all relevant papers, which compared the prevalence of bleeding at baseline and/or incidence of bleeding during follow-up between cirrhotic patients with and without PVT. Results: Eighteen papers were eligible for this systematic review. The heterogeneity among studies was marked with regards to the treatment modalities, sources of bleeding, lengths of follow-up, and ways of data expression. But most of their findings were homozygous and suggested that the cirrhotic patients with PVT were more likely to have previous histories of bleeding at their admission and to develop de novo bleeding and/or rebleeding during the short-and long-term follow-up. The association of PVT with the risk of bleeding might be weakened in the multivariate analyses. Additionally, as for the cirrhotic patients with gastric variceal bleeding treated with medical/endoscopic therapy, the association of PVT with the risk of rebleeding remained controversial in 2 studies; as for the cirrhotic patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts for the management of variceal bleeding, a pre-existing PVT was not associated with the risk of rebleeding. * Corresponding authors. ARTICLE IN PRESS+Model CLINRE-736; No. of Pages 9 2 X. Qi et al.Conclusions: Based on a systematic review of the literature, there was a positive association between the presence of PVT and risk of bleeding in liver cirrhosis in most of clinical conditions. However, whether PVT aggravated the development of bleeding during follow-up needed to be further explored.

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Computer is omnipresent. With massive growth in the field of computers, advancement in digital technology, development in software's gives improvement to computer field on one side. Hacking the systems and cracking the login Passwords makes the field in endure on the other hand. Authentication to access an application in networks is mostly based on alphanumeric Password. A novel method of Alphanumeric Password for improving the security is "The Markov Password". Markov Passwords are created using the model of the Markov chain. This technique can be used as authentication for web applications. Password Crackers use different techniques with available large number of tools to crack down Password easily. Common attacks on Password s are Brute force attack, Dictionary attack and Hybrid attack. In this paper, a report on a study of brute force attack on Markov Passwords has been done. Analysis on Markov Password against Brute force attack is carried out using two open source tools. For analysis 40 random Password generated by Markov Chain are considered. The results are incorporated by means of graph: Password vs. Seconds to crack that Password. Average time, Maximum and Minimum time to crack Markov Password are also 5824 S. Vaithyasubramanian et al. tabulated. Comparative analysis has been carried out and based on that suggestions are given to create strong Markov Password for Secured System.

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In the most recent decades, the amount of web-based users has increased dramatically. However information and network security is a challenging issue for web users and service providers. Different authentication methods have been proposed to secure their data and networks from unauthorized access and for security. The Password cracking has created serious heated discussion and fear in providing security of the information. Exceedingly secured Password generation is consequently has become an exigent task. In this Paper Petri net based 3 x 3 Array Password generations has been proposed. As two factor confirmations it can be executed for web logins. The methodology adopted in this paper is novel and more immune. This paper exemplifies a new proposal of executing the authentications for effectual information Preservation and Network Security.