In a ten-year field experiment the technologies of conventional tillage (Plowing) and resource- and soil-saving treatment (No-till and Mini-till) were compared. The pros and cons of the No-tillage in the condition of temperate humid zone on the sod-podzolic soil are shown. The cons are: significant increase of soil density, lower crop biomass, higher weed infestation, an increase of pesticides application. The pros are increased soil moisture storage capacity, potential stability of cereal crop yield and economic benefits on grain production.
Traditional and precision agriculture technologies are compared on the basis of the field experiment. Problems of soil and crop survey and mapping are discussed.
In this study we examined the effects of conventional agricultural treatment with plowing and no-till treatment on the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of agro-transformed sod-podzolic loamy soil. Soil was sampled in eightfold spatial replication from the arable layers (0–10, 10– 20, 20–30 cm) of field No. 2 of the long-term field experiment of the Center for Precision Agriculture of the Russian State Agrarian University in June, 2018. The crop type on the field No. 2 was vetch and oat mix. Moisture content, water holding capacity, pH, percentage of carbon and nitrogen were determined. The NDVI vegetation index was measured using GreenSeeker HandHeld and used to estimate the plant development intensity. Microbiological properties were assessed by selective plate counts. The abundance and activity were estimated for the next ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms: heterotrophic ammonifiers, aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen-fixing agents, denitrifiers, oligotrophs, cellulolytics. The vegetation index NDVI was higher for plants growing on the plowed part of the field. The differences in microbiological properties when comparing soil samples under no-till and under plowing were insignificant (by t-test for the independent groups comparison). In no-till samples a greater number of micromycetes, including cellulolytic and phytopathogenic, was observed compared to conventional treatment. Profile distributions of bacterial and fungal gene abundances were similar for both treatments according to the paired comparison of samples from different layers. The similarity in microbiological properties was found in the condition of a higher moisture content of the arable layer of the soil and a higher percentage of nitrogen were revealed in the soil under no-till compared with the soil treated by plowing.
Приведены сведения о внедрении и освоении технологи точного земледелия на примере картофеля в полевом опыте Центра точного земледелия РГАУ – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева. Установлено, что при сравнении с традиционной технологией, с помощью точной лучше и качественнее проводить посадку картофеля и гребнеобразование по всходам с использованием спутникового навигационного оборудования системы GPS. Преимущество точной технологии проявилось в получении более высокой урожайности, которая превышала традиционную технологию, в среднем за годы исследований, на 0,8 т/га, при этом отвальная обработка опережала минимальную по точной технологии на 2,3 т/га, по традиционной - на 3.4 т/га.Information on the introduction and development of technology of precision farming on the example of potatoes in the field experience of the Center of Precision Agriculture of the RSAU – MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev is given. It has been established that, when compared with the traditional technology, potatoes were planted and combed on shoots using GPS satellite navigation equipment, accurate, better and more qualitatively. The advantage of the exact technology manifested itself in obtaining higher yields, which exceeded the traditional technology, on average over the years of research, by 0.8 t/ha, while the dump processing was ahead of the minimum by exact technology by 2.3 t/ha, and by the traditional 3.4 t/ha.
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