Investigation of microbial taxonomic diversity and of the rates of microbial processes of produc tion and decomposition of organic matter made it possible to establish considerable diversity and activity of the sulfur cycle microorganisms in the microbial community of upper sediment layer of Lake Beloe (pH 9.4, salinity 3.1 g/L). According to the results of pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, bacteria involved in H 2 formation and oxidation were numerically predominant and highly diverse. The Hydrogenophaga spp. dom inating in the community are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemoorgano and chemolithoautotrophs using hydrogen oxidation as the source of energy. They play an important role in the transitory zones of mix ing of subterranean and surface water.
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