This paper considers organization of biological structure of the sockeye salmon population of Northeast Kamchatka, spawning within the Karaginskaya subzone. Characteristics of the spatial and ecologicaltemporal structure of the species are described. Biological statistics data on sockeye salmon for the period 1979–2021 are summarized
Hydrological regime and morphodynamics of the outlet part of the Kamchatka River, dynamics of mixing zone, patterns of juvenile Pacific salmon distribution and migration in the coastal waters of Kamchatsky Gulf in the zone of operating trap nets were analyzed on the results of complex field works prowided in summer period in 2018–2019; fishing and specifics of sockeye salmon spawning run in the river was described. In the course of analyzing the entire complex of available long-term data, an assessment of the likely impact of some key factors on the dynamics of anadromous migration of sockeye salmon in the Kamchatka River was made; biological statistics of spawners and current state of reproduction of this stock was demonstrated. It is found, that natural environmental factors, neither abiotic nor biotic (including fish health as population internal factor), could not cause disturbance of sockeye salmon spawning run dynamics in the Kamchatka River in recent years. Smoller body size and physiological imperfection of the spawners before the anadromous migration due to effects of high number of pink salmon in recent years are suggested to be the most likely cause of spawning run delay in late sockeye salmon morph. Regime of commercial use of the stock and general increasing pressure on the spawning stock by coastal fisheries are demonstrated to be the strongest outer factors to affect modern state of the resources and sockeye salmon population structure in the Kamchatka River, causing permanent escapement deficiency on spawning grounds in the river basin (first of all in the late morph), and also infact lead to disballance between different subpopulation groups in the composition of the stock. Recommendations in order to provide recovery and sustainable level of the Kamchatka River sockeye salmon stock are given in the perspective of more efficient commercial use of the stock next several years; highlights for further researches are outlined.
В работе проанализированы многолетние данные промысловой статистики и заполнения нерестилищ нерки. Рассмотрены основные этапы развития промысла на северо-восточном побережье Камчатки. Определены ключевые центры воспроизводства, формирующие основу численности нерки в Карагинском и Олюторском районах. Выявлена определенная закономерность в подходах производителей нерки к северо-восточному побережью Камчатки. Оценена степень влияния промысла на воспроизводственный потенциал вида в регионе, а также показана динамика распределения промысловой нагрузки.
The provided researches on the stock abundance dynamics of Pacific salmon in Kamchatka allowed to work out a unite scheme of harvest control rules (HCR) for the most important regional stock utits. The basis data used included the run, escapement and catch in the 1990–2010s. Theoretical and mathematical principles of substantiation the HCR, based on the use of models “stock recruitment”, are demonstrated in the article. Modeling the HCRs is made in view of precautional approuch to effects on salmon stocks, what provides keeping safe the spawning stock and supporting the runs (returns) above the critical mark (buffer reference point). The latter allows to form conditions for the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of Pacific salmon in Kamchatka. For now similar approuch to the fishery management is indispensable environmental standard of international principles of the rational use of aquatic biological resources. Moreover practical ap- plications of the HCR models suggested are demonstrated in examples of predicted estimates of the returns of the biggest units of salmon stocks of Kamchatka in 2022.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.